Discuss the conventional images that Sonnet 130 ridicules, and in doing so, identify what sort of poems Shakespeare is mocking?

In Shakespeare's Sonnet 130, he is listing the attributes
of the woman he loves, but not in a necessarily positive light. He speaks of her looks
(her eyes, her lips, etc.) and points out what they are
not.

My
mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;

Coral is far more
red than her lips' red...

The
speaker goes on to note that her hair is like wire, her cheeks are not lovely and her
breath "reeks." Though he loves to hear her talk, music is much more appealing than the
sound of her voice:

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If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her
head.

...no such roses see I in her
cheeks;

And in some perfumes is there more
delight

Than in the breath that from my mistress
reeks.

I love to hear her speak, yet well I
know

That music hath a far more pleasing
sound...

In listening to
these first two and a half quatrains, we might think that the speaker's "mistress" will
not be pleased with his poetic efforts: his relationship may be
over before she reaches the end of her sonnet. However, the last two lines of the third
quatrain introduce an observation that puts all of what he has written before, into its
proper context: how can he or anyone else compare his love to a "goddess," when no one
has ever seen one? In essence, he might well be saying that she is
a goddess as far as anyone else truly knows.

This brings us
to the second part of your question—the kind of poem Shakespeare is ridiculing: he is
making fun of love poems that make impossible comparisons with creatures they know
nothing about. If goddesses do exist, a woman cannot logically be
compared to one because no man has ever seen one in order to make a fair and valid
comparison in the first
place.

Shakespeare ends his sonnet by praising
his lover on his own terms, not based on false
allusions:

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This is what Shakespeare means by “false
compare”—unjust comparisons that not only ignore the possibility that the woman may be
beautiful in her own right, but also miss the value of the beloved in the eyes of her
lover...

Shakespeare finds
that everything about his mistress is lovely to him and "rare." Rather than using empty
praise to describe this woman, he uses logic instead which is objective rather than
subjective. His descriptions are in no way meant to discredit her, but simply to put the
process of praise in perspective. Comparing a woman to an unknown
quantity is as effective and "honest" as comparing her hair to wire or saying
her breath "reeks." An unsubstantiated comparison is meaningless to the
speaker.