Could you provide quotations about George and Lennie's relationship in chapter one and whether George should leave Lennie or stay with him?

Lennie needs George. Since his aunt died, he has no one to
take care of him. Lennie is just a child in his mentality. He needs adult supervision.
Also, it seems that George needs Lennie. He seems to truly care about Lennie. Although
he gets aggravated with Lennie, as do most adults who deal with child-like misbehavior,
George is as a parent to Lennie. Lennie will not survive without
George.

In a memorable dialogue in chapter one, Lennie and
George are discussing the mouse that Lennie has been caressing. George asks Lennie in
his most aggravated voice:

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'What you want of a dead mouse,
anyways?'

'I could pet it with my thumb while we walked a
long,' said Lennie.

This
conversation shows Lennie's mentality. He is mentally challenged, and George is his only
friend and companion. George is as family to Lennie. George cannot abandon Lennie at
this point. He is as helpless as a child.

At one point,
George admits even to Lennie that he is so much trouble with which to
deal:

'God,
you're a lot of trouble,' said George. 'I could get along so easy and so nice if I
didn't have you on my tail. I could live so easy and maybe have a
girl.'

In this conversation,
it is clear that George would like to have a life of his own. So why does he put up with
Lennie? Deep, down, George is an extremely caring man. He has taken Lennie into his
care, and he is a man who follows through with his commitment either to Lennie or his
aunt or both.

Truly, it is clear that George cares about
Lennie. When he speaks of having someone to talk to, the reader can sense that George
looks at Lennie as his lifetime companion:

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"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the
loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don't belong no place...They ain't
got nothing to look ahead to.'

Lennie was delighted.
'That's it--that's it. Now tell how it is with us.'

'With
us, it ain't like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn
about us.'

Clearly, this
conversation proves that George cares and he will be lost without Lennie after he has to
shoot him.

What are the three most important events in order in My Side of the Mountain?

It can be rather difficult to decide on the "most
important" events in a given work of literature, but here goes. You might want to
re-read the novel and see if you agree or disagree with my choice of events, as
certainly this is a great book with many different plot
elements.

Firstly, quite clearly we need to start with Sam
Gribley's exit from the hustling, bustling city and his move to the far more tranquil
countryside. His first night and its various disasters is interesting in terms of
providing a marker to show how quickly he learns and develops the skills and strategies
necessary to survive. The first night, for example, he is even unable to start a
fire.

Secondly, I would select the stage in the novel when
Sam has his own home in his tree and has worked out how to sustain his life and is
hoarding for the winter. This clearly is an important section of the novel because it
shows how Sam has mastered all the necessary skills for survival in his chosen
location.

Finally, I would select the time when a variety
of newspaper reports are published about Sam, as it represents the beginning of the end
for his solitary life, culminating in the arrival of his family to live with
him.

During mitosis sister chromatids separate apart and migrate to opposite poles. Why does this not occur during meiosisI ?Botany-Mitosis and meiosis.

During mitosis, homologous chromosomes do not pair up
during metaphase.  Therefore the sister chromatids separate and form two new cells, with
the same genetic information as the original cell.  Remember the goal in mitosis is cell
replication - therefore the cells at the end of mitosis are the same as the original
cell.

The goal of meiosis is not cell replication.  The
purpose of meiosis is to produce germ cells or sex cells.  Therefore the amount of
genetic information is not the same as a body or somatic cell.  During meiosis I,
homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase 1 and crossing over happens.  Then during
meiosis 1 the homologous chromosomes split.  It will not be until meiosis 2 that the
sister chromatids separate, producing 4 cells that have half the amount of genetic
information as the original cell and are genetically different from each
other.

how does the rise in prices affect a household budget?

A household budget is based on two figures. One is the
amount of income for the household, the other is the amount of expenses. Based on the
amount of money that can be predicted to be brought into the household's finances on a
regular basis (salary or wages, tips, dividends from investments, rental payments made
to the household owner, alimony, etc.), the amount of money that can be spent can be
predicted. Fixed expenses (housing payment, utilities, transportation expenses,
insurance, loan payments, etc.) are easier to predict than variable expenses (food
costs, entertainment, clothing costs, etc.), but they all need to be
included.

When the budget is based on certain amounts of
money for certain items and the prices of those items increases, there may not be enough
funds to cover the extra costs. When the costs of food and gasoline and clothing all go
up, adjustments will need to be made to pay those increased amounts. Either the amounts
spent in some other areas will need to be reduced, or the household will need to find
some way to bring in more income.

Why did Jonas's family have a third child, Gabe? Wasn't there only supposed to be one boy and one girl in each family in The Giver?

The guidelines for family units in the community limit set
a limit of one boy and one girl for each family. However, Jonas's father's job was to be
a nurturer for the infants in the community. He received permission to bring Gabe into
their family dwelling for special attention because he was not thriving in the usual
nursery setting. Jonas finds himself enjoying having the infant to observe and help care
for in the home and is concerned when Gabe's condition does not appear to be improving
with acceptable speed. Jonas is unable to accept the impersonal and uncaring manner in
which children are "released" if they do not grow according to the expected norms, and
determines to flee the community with Gabe in order to save his
life.

In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, how did Tom respond to the Bible in Chapter Four?

Is your question refering to the way that Tom has to learn
some verses from the Bible in this chapter? This amusing chapter begins as Aunt Polly
starts the time of family worship after breakfast. As part of this time, Tom has to
recite the verses that he has learned in front of the family to show how hard he has
been working on them.

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Tom bent all his energies to the memorising of
five verses, and eh chose part of the Sermon on the Mount, because he could find no
verses that were shorter. At the end of half an hour Tom had a vague and general idea of
his lesson, but no more, for his mind was traversing the whole field of human thought,
and his hands were busy with distracting
recreations.

The stuttering
response that he gives when asked to recite the verses and his attitude towards learning
the Bible clearly shows that to Tom, religion is something of an irrelevance.
Ironically, he shows that he is able to learn the Bible verses, but only after Mary has
promised him "something nice" as a reward if he can learn them quickly. This makes him
exert himself and he learns the verses in record time, clearly indicating that he is
interested in the Bible only as a source of what he can extract from
it.

How does Atticus change throughout To Kill a Mockingbird? Is it a dramatic change or very little change?

I find Atticus Finch the most unchanging character in all
of To Kill a Mockingbird. His moral character is unwavering, and he
never backs down to a challenge. He is the conscience of Maycomb from beginning to end,
and everyone--from his children to his neighbors--seek him for guidance. Despite the
town's disapproval of Atticus taking on the Tom Robinson case, he never considers
backing down from his obligation to defend Tom. He risks his life defending Tom from the
lynch mob at the jail, and the Negroes of Maycomb love him for his determined courtroom
defense of Tom, even after the jury brings back a guilty verdict. Threats are made
against him by Bob Ewell afterward, but Atticus tries to calm his family's fears and
hopes that all will be well instead of taking action against Bob. The father in Atticus
always has time for his children, and he never changes his expectations of them from
beginning to end. 

Only twice do I see faulty reasoning in
Atticus' thinking. One comes when he claims that the Ku Klux Klan is no longer in
existence around Maycomb. It is historically obvious that the Klan never went away
during the 1930s, especially in rural Alabama. It may have been that he was only trying
to ease his family's worries about the upcoming trial. Atticus also seems confused
following the death of Bob Ewell when he thinks that Jem has killed Bob. It takes some
serious explaining of the actual facts from Heck Tate to convince Atticus that it was
actually Boo Radley who killed Bob. But aside from these two minor flaws, Atticus is the
same Atticus throughout To Kill a Mockingbird.   
 

How is the process of pasteurisation done?its the process created by louis pasteur

Louis Pasteur performed the first scientific
pasteurization in the mid 1800s. The key idea behind pasteurization is the reduction,
but not necessarily the complete elimination, of bacteria in food
products.

Long before Pasteur's time, people knew that food
could be preserved by sealing it in airtight containers and heating it thoroughly;
Nicholas Appert published the first book on how to preserve food this way in 1810. Much
of the world still depends on food preserved by canning. However, some foods undergo
undesirable changes of  taste or texture when subjected to the levels of heat necessary
for sterile canning. Dairy products, fruit juices, beer, and wine all react poorly to
being boiled; these products are usually pasteurized
instead.

Pasteurization is an exacting process of applying
just enough heat for just enough time to kill most of the bacteria in a food, and
particularly the pathogenic ones. The combination is product specific, but for example,
either heating milk to 145°F for 30 minutes, or to 162°F for 16 seconds, will pasteurize
it properly.

Pasteurization is widely credited with
reducing rates of food borne illness in the US. Cases of tuberculosis, brucellosis,
salmonella, and listeria have all dropped dramatically since the use of pasteurization
became widespread.

Why does Wang Lung use his remaining money to buy more land? The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck

In Chapter 5 of The Good Earth by
Pearl S. Buck, Wang Lung declares, "Land is one's flesh and blood."  Clearly, then, Wang
Lung perceives land as that which sustains all life, for from the land he and his family
are fed, and from the sale of his crops, he is able to purchase things and be warm and
well-fed in the winter. 

In Chapter 8, after he purchases
the field from the House of Hwang, he is able to obtain a harvest from it, but loses all
the others to a drought.  For, by watering this field from a nearby moat, Wang Lung
keeps his crop alive.  Then, he sells the crop as quickly as it is harvested, an action
that is uncharacteristic of him.  As soon as he feels the silver in his hands, Wang Lung
rushes to the House of Hwang and accosts the land
agent,

"I have
that with which to buy the land adjoining mine by the
moat."

The agent hungrily
takes the money, speaking in an eager whisper. And, Wang Lung does not bemoan the loss
of the silver because he has

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bought with it the desire of his heart...But more
to him than its dark fertility was the fact that it had belonged once to the family of a
prince.  And this time he told no one, not even O'lan, what he had
done.

And, when there are no
crops and no food to eat and the villager rob his family of their food and furniture,
leaving his house empty, Wang Lung consoles himself by saying to his
heart,

"They
cannot take the land from me....If I had the silver, they would have taken it.  If I had
bought with the silver to store it, they would have taken it all. I have the land still,
and it is mine."

Wang Lung
realizes that the land is the one reality, the one constant in his life.  Unlike
everything else is temporal; the land is eternal.  When the rains come, he will be able
to grow more crops, if only he can afford seed.  In addition, he is proud to own land
that once belonged to the noble House of Hwang.

What is constitutional democracy in the United States?

A constitution is a set of rules and procedures that
organizes and structures the functioning of an organization. This means a constitution
could be written for a country, a state or province, a business, a club, or any other
organization that needs a standardized procedure to carry out its
purposes.

Democracy is a type of government. In a
democratic government, the people being governed have the power and make the decisions
for the government, either directly by voting personally for every decision that is
required of the government or through representatives who are elected by the people and
given the authority and responsibility to vote on behalf of the
people.

In the United States, the Constitution establishes
a representative democracy as the form of government for the USA. This can also be
called a constitutional democracy since it is designated as the type of government for
the United States in the Constitution. Citizens who meet the qualifications to do so may
vote in elections for representatives to the Senate and the House of Representatives.
These elected officials vote on behalf of the citizens who elected them to make the
decisions needed to run the government.

Resistance of 50W bulb is more than that of 100W bulb. Then which bulb will glow more brightly?

You have a relatively common question.  I have taught high
school science for 10 years and electricity is often a difficult topic for students to
understand because of all the different units, formulas,
etc.

Your question involves resistance and electrical
power, which are two different things.  When concerned with issues of resistance, Ohm's
Law is used to calculate its resistance.  Ohm's Law states that Voltage (measured in
volts) = Current (in amperes) x Resistance (measured in Ohms).  To solve for resistance,
the formula would be rearranged and resistance = voltage / current.  Watts are the unit
of electrical power.  Electrical power = current x voltage; therefore, the brightness of
the bulb doesn't have to do with amount of resistance.  It actually has to do with the
amount of current and voltage.

My suggestion to you is to
get a good set of notes on a level you understand (regardless of your grade level) and
get some wire, batteries and light bulbs and try several configurations to help you
understand.  The very small lights like those that go on Christmas trees are the best
for this small experiment.

I hope that this
helps.

What is the resolution of "The Man Who Was Poe"?

Avi's The Man Who Was Poeis a tale of
two mysteries. The first revolves around a mysterious man who comes to town. He is
suffering from depression and even some delusion after the death of his wife. He says he
is a famous detective, August Dupin, but when he begins to drink (which is often) he
becomes someone else. In the end, the mystery is solved when he announces that he is
Edgar Allen Poe.

The second mystery is the one Dupin/Poe is
trying to solve--to find Edmund's family. Edmund meets the man after he has lost
everything. His mother is gone, his aunt Pru is gone, and his sister is gone. The boy is
distraught at his losses and stays with the drunkard longer than others might have. True
to his self-proclaimed boasts, Dupin/Poe solves the mystery. Aunt Pru died trying to
save her twin sister's life, and Edmund's sister was kidnapped and forced to help in a
robbery. It is likely she is dead, but that remains a mystery. His mother is alive, and
she is reunited with her son thanks to the detective/author. 

What are some literary elements in "The Bet" by Anton Chekhov?

The phrase "literary elements" seems to be rather vague
and all-encompassing. You might benefit from re-reading the story and trying to narrow
down your terms of reference somewhat, as clearly every work of fiction has a number of
"literary elements" that could be commented upon. One way to approach this question,
however, would be to talk about the difference between the two central characters, the
lawyer and the banker, and the way that these characters are shown to develop and evolve
through the experiences narrated in the story.

Let us begin
by considering the lawyer. Having made such an impetuous bet, the lawyer, by the end of
the story, is shown to have developed and matured immeasurably. His final note, which
renounces the money he was due to win, gives ample evidence of the way that he has
transcended so many of the earthly problems and issues that still dog the
banker:

You
have lost your reason and taken the wrong path. You have taken lies for truth and
hideousness for
beauty.

Clearly such
statements indicate the extent of the lawyer's development. By contrast, although the
banker is moved to tears by reading the lawyer's note, he still contradicts such an
action by the way that he carefully places the lawyer's letter in his safe. In contrast
to the lawyer, the banker is clearly shown not to have evolved beyond his greed and
self-interest.

Thus one literary element you could
helpfully focus on is that of characterisation and the way that it is used to compare
and contrast these two central characters.

Do you think business and management are social sciences?

I would argue that these clearly are social sciences.  The
reason for this is that social sciences are concerned with the relationships between
people and between people and their society.  Business and management are clearly
concerned with the relationships between people.

In these
areas of study, scholars need to understand how individuals interact with one another. 
In order to study management, for example, a scholar would need to study the ways in
which different management styles impact the people who are being supervised.  The
impact of the manager's actions on the managed is clearly an example of an issue that
that has to do with the relationships between people.  Because business and management
study issues like this, they can be considered social sciences.

What is the relationship between Scout and Dill in To Kill a Mockingbird?

To Kill a Mockingbird author Harper
Lee based the Scout/Dill characters on her own real-life relationship with writer Truman
Capote, who visited Scout's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama each summer, just like
Dill. Although there was apparently no romantic relationship between Lee and Capote, the
author did create a child romance between Scout and Dill. Although Scout is not
immediately taken with Dill, both she and Jem come to regard him as their best friend,
even though he only stays in Maycomb during the summer months (Dill lives in Meridian,
Mississippi). Other friendships are noticeably missing with Jem and Scout; there are
very few instances when either of them spend much time with any neighboring children or
schoolmates. Dill and Scout become serious about each other--at least as serious as a
couple of young children can be. Dill asks Scout to marry him, and he promises to
eventually save enough money to take her away with him. (Of course, this is just another
instance of Dill's unfullfilled plans.) Scout and Dill share kisses, and on the night
when Dill appears at the Finch house after running away from home, the two innocently
share a bed. Dill is not only Jem's and Scout's partner in mischief, but also Scout's
first beau.

What is the role of the "mythological hero" in psychotherapy? Please explain this idea.from The Myth of the Birth of the Hero by Rank

Application of Rank's The Myth of the Birth of
the Hero most directly relates to child and family
therapy.

In his studies, Rank looked at the qualities and
similarities of well known literary and mythological heroes (characters like Oedipus,
Moses, and Hercules) from many cultures and time periods.  He noted that despite their
place and time of origin, the character was basically the
same:

• born to noble, wealthy, or powerful
  parents


• rejected by original parents as a
  baby


• raised by parents other than the
  birth-parents


• reunited with the birth parents later in
  life


• punishment of the birth
  parents


• acknowledgment of the hero by the
  father


• honor for the
  hero

Looking at this basic story-line, Rank
asserts that children, simply by human nature, often fall into a similar pattern of
thought (even though their life events do not necessarily follow those of the
myth-hero).  A few broad generalities can be drawn from Rank's studies of the myth-hero
as explanation for common patterns of
behavior:

1. the child first idealizes his parents
   but grows to resent them because he realizes they are not the noble or powerful parents
   he believes he deserves


2. the child has a desire to have
   and keep his mother all to himself; this may or may not also be a sexual attraction
   ("Oedipus complex"); the child eventually resents his father for maintaining the
   position/relationship he believes he deserves with his
   mother


3. the child fantasizes about getting rid of his
   parents, running away, or desires to have "new"
   parents

Basically, Rank's assertions were
simply theories about human nature, and provided a framework through which to view and
give reason for common (and seemingly "unhealthy") behaviors.  Unlike his teacher Freud,
however, Rank was clear to denote that the above tendencies are natural for
all humans, and not simply those who were deemed "neurotic" or
"problem children."

Essentially, this myth-hero idea
provides an explanation for rebelliousness in children.  Rank suggested that children
either create or compare themselves to previous (cultural) notions of the myth-hero in
order to cope with the powerlessness they feel in comparison to their
parents.

Does attitude determine success and failure in an endeavor?Any examples from literature or history to explain would be helpful

It would be very difficult to argue that attitude is the
sole, or even the main, determinant of success or failure.  There are too many other
factors that can have an impact on what happens in things like war or social movements,
or other historical events.

Perhaps the most obvious
example of this is in war.  In WWII, the Axis had the "better" attitude at the start of
the war.  They were doing well and were very motivated to continue.  Their morale and
attitudes were good.  However, that was not enough to make them win the war.  They were
defeated because of other factors, most important of which was the size and industrial
strength of the United States.

So, attitude can certainly
have an influence on history, but they cannot determine success or
failure.

Explain the following lines in "The Rape of the Lock". By Force to ravish, or by Fraud betray; For when Success a Lover's Toil attends, Few ask, if...

The following lines in Pope's "The Rape of the Lock" are
found in Canto Two, lines 32-34:

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By Force to ravish, or by Fraud
betray;
For when Success a Lover's Toil attends,
Few ask, if Fraud
or Force attain'd his
Ends.

In Canto Two, Belinda
is on a boat with many others traversing the Thames River. In the first part of the
canto, Pope is explaining the beauty of Belinda. The one thing on Belinda which
surpasses all else are the two locks of curls which hang by the side of her
face.

A Baron, whom is also aboard the boat, becomes
enamoured with Belinda's locks. He decides that he will have the locks by any means
necessary. (He had even built an alter so that he could ask for success in obtaining
them.)

The lines in question refer to the measures by which
the Baron will go to to possess Belinda's locks. Basically, the Baron is willing to take
the locks by force or by fraud. He is not necessarily concerned with how he obtains the
locks, only that he is able to claim them for his own.

Macbeth is a weak man, overwhelmed by ambition and drive by forces he barely attempts to repel. Show evidence of this in Shakespeare's Macbeth.

I wonder though if Macbeth remains weak...or if indeed he
was as weak as perhaps some readings like to presume.  Towards the end of the play, when
Lady Macbeth is going mad, the audience sees a stronger and more determined Macbeth.
Granted he does feel invincible because of what the witches have told him.  But he shows
little regard for his wife during the last scenes of her
life. 

Another point to consider is that whilst he was
perhaps encouraged by his wife to commit the crimes initially, I am not so sure that she
is so powerful as to completely influence his judgement.  Admittedly until a recent
viewing of the current RSC production of the play I was totally akin to the idea that
Lady Macbeth was the stronger of the two.  Yet actually Macbeth always had the strength
in him, otherwise he wouldn't have dared to commit the crimes that his wife suggested. 
Did she help him? Yes.  Did she influence him?  Yes.  But who is responsible? 
Him. 

What constitutes his weakness is his failure to
listen to his conscience/divine doctrine.  He is driven by a lust for power, glory and
status and will allow no one to prevent him from achieving his goals.  His state of mind
is thus ambitious and determined.  These traits are not those of the weak minded, rather
they are traits of those who have aspirations.  His weakness lay in his inability to
listen to reason and to let considerably evil notions to influence his judgement. 
Remember though that everything that is considered to be for the sacred honour of King
Duncan at the opening of the play - when Macbeth is praised for the slaughter of
Macdonwald!  Yet ironically at the end he is cursed for his brutal behaviour when it is
against the divine right of Kings.  Perhaps then his weakness is that of a weakness of
the spirit ... just like Eve in the Garden of Eden and the fall of mankind.  Perhaps
Shakespeare is pondering on what a man will do for power?  A clear definition of
weakness here is paramount ... because on Godly terms Macbeth was weak, totally
corrupted by the forces of evil for his own self gratification.  Yet by the acts of
violence one could argue he is not weak at all physcially, but his insecurity and lack
of self esteem gradually show his weakened state of mind as one by one the characters
around him are killed off, to leave a King holding on to his power right until the end
when it is taken from him.

Compare and contrast the origins and ideas of Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism. How did each relate to supernatural beliefs?

All three originated during and as a result of a time of
intense turmoil in China following the collapse of the Zhou dynasty known as the Period
of the Warring States. It constituted such a great conflagration that thinkers began to
contemplate the meaning of a stable society and the role of the individual within it.
Since the Chinese are not innately spiritualists, none of them contained truly
supernatural
beliefs.

Confucianism
has no relationship to supernatural beliefs; it is/was rather a philosophy that
government positions should be filled by people who were honest and morally upright.
Moral integrity to Confucius was more important than a good education. Three special
qualities were emphasized:

• Ren:
  One should be respectful, courteous and loyal as well as
  diligent.


• Li: One should conduct
  oneself in a manner that was appropriate. Courteous to all people and respect for elders
  and superiors.


• Xiao: Respect for
  elders and parents. This meant care for them in their later years and veneration after
  they died.

Daoism:
From "Daoism" meaning "the way" encouraged living simply in
harmony with nature, and disengaging from worldly concerns. It emphasized withdrawing
and reflection of oneself. Advanced education was considered worthless as it only
emphasized trivial matters. The chief moral virtue, known as wuwei
involved such intense withdrawal that one would not even visit neighbors, much less
interact with them; but would rather be content within
oneself.

Legalism: Advocated
strict adherence to the letter of the law, with no regard for compassion, morality, or
even ethics. Legalists believed that the chief strength of a nation were its agriculture
and military; merchants , poets, scholars, etc. were useless wastes of time and
resources. Legalist teaching was that any deviation from the established law should be
punished so severely that others would learn from example and dare not transgress. If a
family did not report a transgressor, the entire family would be punished. If one threw
trash in the street, his hands were amputated. Draconian, but
effective.

More information is available at the links
below.

In the following case, where is the line drawn between slander/libel and freedom of speech?I am a member at a private local club where you must pay...

First of all, the spoken remarks made by the other
individual are slander, which is defined as being a spoken or heard derogatory
statement. Visually derogatory statements (writing, performance, artwork) are called
libel. Without knowing what you wrote on the internet, it's impossible to evaluate
whether or not your comments were, in fact, libel.

Are you
concerned about being accused of violating your "freedom of speech" because you
expressed your opinion of this individual, or are you feeling that the other person is
abusing his/her "freedom of speech" with inappropriate remarks about you?  If this had
all happened orally within the confines of the private social club, I think it would be
difficult to make any kind of case stand up on either side. Because there are now
questions about what you recorded on the internet, it may be harder to settle the
issue.

The easy way out of the situation would be to change
your club membership. The moral of the story is that we should all learn to think very
carefully before putting anything out for public consumption on the internet. Unforeseen
consequences can arise from the most innocent of comments!

What is the subject matter & plot of Waiting for Godot?

In Waiting for Godot, Vladimir and Estragon discuss how
they are waiting for someone named Godot who never arrives. They know that they should
wait by the tree, but are not entirely sure if they have the right tree. Time is
presented surreally in the play, with a sense that the scene of waiting is repeated
infintely in a worlld in which time and place are constructed in the minds of the
characters rather than as external objective realities. The characters do not really
know who Godot is and might not recognize Godot if they see him. A boy is used as a
messenger to inform the characters that Godot will not appear "today" but may appear
"tomorrow."

Two other characters, the master Pozzo and the
slave Lucky, enter in the second act and are initially mistaken for Godot. Although
Pozzo is in theory the master, he (in a parody of Hegel) is increasingly shown to be
dependent on his slave Lucky.

Godot symbolizes the God of
Messianic religion, who is expected at some time in the futuire as the salvation of the
characters, but never actually arrives. Lucky, as a thinker, attempts metaphysical
knowledge of God, but his speech fades to nonsense. Vladimir and Estragonwait by the
tree (the tree of the Gareden of Eden which is typologically the cross) and discuss
religious and other themes, but don't actually understand what they are waiting for or
why. Like many of Beckett's plays, this is a deeply pessimistic portrait of the futility
of human existence, and the failure of Messianic religion to save humanity from an
absurd and indifferent universe.

In the book Fahrenheit 451 do you have a sense that there are other "book chapters" in other towns? What proof do you have?I'd like my question...

There are definitely other book chapters in other towns. 
When Granger is explaining their system of memorizing books, Montag asks him how many of
people are involved in this endeavor. Granger explains that there are thousands on the
roads and the abandoned railways. They look like bums on the outside, but they are
libraries on the inside.  He tells Montag that over a period of 20 years, they have
developed a "network". (pg 153)  He says that some of them live in small towns and tells
of a town in Maryland in which 27 people have memorized the complete works of Bertrand
Russell. Everyone is quietly waiting for the day when they can rewrite the books, but
until then they will pass on their knowledge through their
children.

explain this quote in detailNow o'er the one half-world/Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse/The curtain'd sleep; witchcraft celebrates/Pale...

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Now o'er the one
halfworld
Nature seems dead, and
wicked dreams abuse
The curtain'd
sleep; witchcraft celebrates
Pale
Hecate's offerings, and wither'd
murder,
Alarum'd by his sentinel, the
wolf,
Whose howl's his watch, thus
with his stealthy pace.
With Tarquin's
ravishing strides, towards his
design
Moves like a ghost. Thou sure
and firm-set earth,
Hear not my steps,
which way they walk, for fear
Thy very
stones prate of my whereabout,
And
take the present horror from the
time,
Which now suits with
it

These lines
constitute the concluding portion of Macbeth's soliloquy in act 2 scene 1, the speech
envisioning the air-drawn dagger. After the vision disappears, Macbeth reflects upon the
hushed-up midnight atmosphere as he walks secretly with his real dagger towards Duncan's
bed-chamber to execute the blue-print of murder.

One half
of the big world-the hemisphere in which the dark night rules-is plunged in the deep
silence of sleep. Nature seems dead in the sense that all living
things, including men, are immersed in the death-like sleep. Yet Macbeth, himself loaded
with the discomforts of guity ambition, imagines that the blessing of sleep is disturbed
by the wicked dreams. Cursed thoughts encroach into the
curtain-like cover of sleep. This is the darkest part of night most suitable for the
rites of witchcraft and such other black arts, the queen of the witches, Hecate,
presiding over those paraphernalia of evil. Visited by the witches on the heath and
motivated by their prophecies, Macbeth imagines witchcraft as associated with the night
and his murderous nocturnal mission.

Macbeth further
imagines the murderer, as he himself is going to be, in the likeness of the wizened
witches-wither'd murder. The howling wolf is imagined to be the
murderer's sentinel. The murderer walks in long silent strides that
resemble the movement of the rapacious Tarquin who invaded into the bed-chamber of the
Roman matron, Lucretia. The heinous crime of murder is thus equalled to the detestable
act of rape. But the exceedingly imaginative murderer as Macbeth is, he fears that that
his ghost-like steps would be detected by the sure and firm-set
earth. He therefore asks the earth and the underground stones not to hear the
sound of his strides. The fear of detection and retributive justice thus remain with the
secret murderer.

Is Keat's "Hyperion" a political allegory or a poem about the nature and function of the poet?

John Keats was a renowned English Romantic poet. This
being said, the natural characteristics of his poetry were formed in the characteristics
typical to the Romantic poet.

Romantics were inspired by
three things: nature, imagination, and intuition. This being said, one does not need to
look long at a Keats' poem to realize the impact nature had on him as a
poet.

In reference to the poem "Hyperion", the poem is
filled with natural imagery. The first three lines alone includes natural imagery which
proves the impact it had on him:

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Deep in the shady saddness of a vale/ Far sunken
from the healthy breath of morn,/ Far from the firey noon, and Eve's one
star.

These lines speak to
the impact that nature, specifically the lack of light from the sun (Eve's star), one
can see the impact that nature has on the poet.

Many of
Keats' poems combined natural imagery with that of the function of a
poet.

This being said, I provided another way to answer
this question to another one of your posted questions. The answer to the other link can
be found below.

'Beasts of England' is sung very enthusiastically by the animals. Why? Why is it easy to remember for even the stupidest of them?

Near the end of the first chapter, when the animals sing
this song, Orwell writes the answer himself to your very question... at least in
part:

The
singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement. Almost before Major
had reached the end, they had begun singing it for themselves. Even the
stupidest of them had already picked up the tune and a few
of the words, and as for the clever ones, such as the pigs and dogs, they
had the entire song by heart within a few minutes. And then, after a few preliminary
tries, the whole farm burst out into 'Beasts of England' in tremendous unison.
The cows lowed it, the dogs whined it, the sheep bleated it, the horses
whinnied it, the ducks quacked it. They were so delighted with the song
that they sang it right through five times in
succession, and might have continued singing it all night
if they had not been
interrupted.

In this passage,
we see that the "stupid" animals could pick it up because of the tune and some of the
words. To me, this means that familiar sounding 'Clementine' and 'La Cucaracha'
motivated the animals. The language of the song must have pleased them as well. No
matter how dumb an animal or person is, if you give them what they want to remember, it
is easier to remember.

Other reasons for the ease of
remembrance this passage shows include the facts that every animal could sing it in
their own way, and they repeated it 5 times.

In Edwin Arlington Robinson's poem "Richard Cory," what effect does repetition produce, especially in the lines that begin with the word "And"?

In his justly famous poem “Richard Cory,” Edwin Arlington
Robinson proves himself a master of effective phrasing – even in the use of such
apparently simple techniques as repetition and such apparently simple words as
“and.”

The lines that begin with the word “And” are grouped
together in pairs:

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And he was always quietly
arrayed,

And he was always human when he talked . . .
(5-6)

.       .       .       .       .      
.

And he was rich--yes, richer than a
king--

And admirably schooled in every grace . . .
(9-10)

.       .       .       .       .      
.

And went without the meat and cursed the
bread;

And Richard Cory, one calm summer night . . .
(14-15)

Lines 5-6 use
repetition more than simply in the repeated uses of “And,” and the whole effect of such
lines is to imply that Cory’s life was utterly consistent and predictable.  Similarly,
the effect of lines 9-10 is to suggest that Cory’s social advantages were utterly
obvious and abundant.  Nothing at all seems inconsistent or out of control in Cory’s
life, and he is particularly blessed with the kind of money that most of the other
townspeople seem to lack.  Thus the speaker repeats the idea of that Cory was “rich” by
immediately saying that he was “richer” than a king.

The
next pairing of lines beginning with “And,” however, violates the patterns already
established.  The earlier pairings had been completely focused on Cory (as is most of
the rest of the poem), but in line 14 the phrasing focuses instead on the disadvantaged
townspeople. Line 15 returns the focus to Cory again, but it does so just before the
next line announces Cory’s death by suicide.  Most of the earlier uses of lines
beginning with “And” had emphasized the predictability and advantages of Cory’s life,
but the final line radically disrupts any sense of predictability and radically
undermines any sense of Cory’s advantages.

Repetition,
however, is also employed effectively in other parts of the poem.  Thus, because of the
use of “whenever,” line 1 suggests that Cory repeatedly “went down town,” just as he was
repeatedly “looked at” by the other townspeople (2). Likewise, lines 7-8 imply that Cory
“fluttered pulses” on more than simply one isolated occasion, just as he also repeatedly
said “‘Good morning,’ and glittered when he walked.” Meanwhile, lines 13-14 imply that
the other townspeople repeatedly

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worked, and waited for the
light,

And went without the meat and cursed the
bread.

Indeed, perhaps the
only singular, unexpected, and unrepeated act mentioned in the entire poem is Cory’s
abrupt suicide – a fact that makes his death seem all the more shocking and
mysterious.

How can you compare and contrast "The Masque of the Red Death" and "The Raven"?

What an interesting question. I must admit, I don't
automatically connect these two texts together when I think of Poe's fiction. Clearly,
there appear to be more differences than similarities, such as the way in which one is a
poem and the other is a short story, one is written in the first person and the other is
written from the omniscient point of view. However, having said this, I think one
connection we can make between them is the way in which both texts concern man's attempt
to escape death and its impact, and the depressing failure with which such escape
attempts are met.

In "The Raven," for example, the speaker
is trying to desperately get over the death of his beloved Lenore. However, the
appearance of the raven and the sinister way in which the speaker tortures himself by
expressing his own doubts and his own grief about her death clearly indicates that the
impact of her death upon the speaker is not something that he will be able to shake off
lightly and forget about. Consider how the poem concludes with a description of the
raven and its impact on the speaker:

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And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's
that is dreaming,

And the lamplight o'er him streaming
throws his shadow on the floor;

And my soul from out that
shadow that lies floating on the floor

Shall be
lifted--nevermore!

Clearly
the grim realities of death are something that will haunt the speaker for the rest of
his life. They are not soemthing from which he can
escape.

In the same way, "The Masque of the Red Death"
concerns the futile attempt of Prince Prospero to cheat death and escape the plague that
is ravaging the country. Note the scenario that is
given:

When
his dominions were half depopulated, he summoned to his presence a thousand hale and
lighthearted friends from among the knights and dames of his court, and with these
retired to the deep seclusion of one of his castellated abbeys... The courtiers, having
entered, brought furnaces and massy hammers and welded the bolts. They resolved to leave
means neither of ingress or egress to the sudden impulses of despair or of frenzy from
within... With such precautions the courtiers might bid defiance to the
contagion.

The story is of
the attempt to cheat death, and of its ultimate failure, as death himself, personified
in the figure wearing the mummer's mask, appears as the masque and lays waste to all
inside. The final, apocryphal paragraph of the tale makes clear the way that death
cannot be cheated or gainsaid by its reference to the "illimitable dominion" of
"Darkness and Decay" over this land.

How to verify this identity?sin x + tan x/ 1 + sec x = sin x thank you very much!

We need to prove that :

sinx+
tanx / (1+ sec x ) = sinx

We will start from the left
side.

(sinx + tanx)/ (1+
secx)

We know that tanx = sinx/cosx ans secx =
1/cosx.

Then, we will substitute with
identities.

==> (sinx+ sinx/cosx) / (1+
1/cosx)

==> [(sinx*cosx + sinx)/cosx] / [ ( cosx +
1)/cosx]

Reduce
cosx.

==> (sinxcosx + sinx ) / (cosx +
1)

Now we will factor sinx from the
numerator.

==>
sinx*(cosx+1)/(cosx+1)

Now we will reduce
cosx+1

==>
sinx

Then we proved that (
sinx+tanx)/(1+secx) = sinx.

Are volcanoes friends or foes?

I guess I have to wonder if there is a real choice here. 
I mean, volcanic activity is a part of the geological time scale and time frame that far
exceeds humanity.  They will lie dormant for thousands of years and then erupt. I am not
sure if human emotions such as assigning alliance or repelling them will help in such a
condition because nature seems to go on without much of a care of how we perceive it in
terms of "friend" or "foe."  Mount St. Vesuvius would have done what it did regardless
if the citizens of Pompeii viewed it as a "friend" or "foe."  I think it did a fairly
good job of ruining their lives regardless of their
designation.

Relationship notwithstanding, I think that the
more effective frame of reference would be to construct a thesis statement where there
is  healthy respect for the awesome power of the volcano.  In this, you can discuss much
about the natural and scientific properties that govern volcanoes and talk about how
this is something that outstrips the capacities and capabilities of human beings.  The
ideas of divergent or convergent tectonic plates, their sense of time in that a volcano
can be as young as a couple of months in age or as old as millions of years, and the
extreme sense of destruction that accompanies the volcano.  I think that being able to
articulate this aspect of healthy and awe- inspiring respect that the piddly human being
has to have for the volcano is critically important.  This might allow you to bridge the
scientific condition and fact of volcanoes, something that is outside of human control
and human appropriation, with the emotional dimension of human expression, something
that we can control.

How did the Populist Party respond to the conditions of the Gilded Age?

The Populist Party (its real name was the "People's
Party") responded to the conditions of the Gilded Age by trying to increase the power of
farmers and, to some extent, workers.  They also tried to decrease the power of the
rich.

One of the major ways the Populists tried to do this
was through government ownership of major utilities and through regulation.  The
Populists tried to get the government, for example, to regulate the prices railroads
could charge for hauling freight.  They also tried to get the government to take
ownership of things like electric and telephone systems.

In
these ways, the Populists hoped, the power of the rich would be decreased and the
farmers and workers would have more power and better lives.

Why are the three stages of the novel so important to the overall theme of social injustice in Great Expectations?Charles Dickens's Great Expectations

In his essay, "Great Expectations:  A
Reflection of Serial Publication and Dickens's Social Concerns," Arnold A. Markley
writes,

By
charting Pip's gradual change throughout the novel, Dickens manages to illustrate an
important aspect of the socio-ecomonic context of his
times.

Because of the
economic results of the Industrial Revolution, there was a growing group of people who,
having acquired money, were quickly able to buy things.  These people were often envious
of the aristocracy, aspiring to what Dickens considered a frivolous class.  Such is the
case of young Pip who visits Satis House and returns unsatisfied by his station in life,
desiring to become a gentleman so he will not be inferior.  His leaving for London
allows Pip to become this gentleman; however, at the same time, it provides Pip new
insights into the social injustice which is suggested to him in the first stage of the
novel with the conflict between Pip's convict and the second convict, who is "a
gentleman."  For, once Pip becomes a gentleman, Joe acts as though he is inferior,
addressing Pip as "sir," awkwardly eating and dropping his hat when he should yet feel
that he is Pip's friend.

In the second stage, also, Pip
learns the history of Miss Havisham and her self-imprisonment while in Chapter XXXII,
he visits Newgate Prison and is greatly affected by the aura of death and hopelessness
within the "frouzy, ugly, disorderly, depressing scene it was."  The tragedy of the
condemned Colonel is extremely poignant and certainly points to the terrible injustice
of the English penal system as do the other episodes of other characters who beg Mr.
Jaggers to help them.

The lesson that Pip learns in the
third stage comes in his gradual recognition of the goodness and humanity of Magwitch, a
childhood victim of society as a gamin of the streets.  As he grew older, Magwitch was
exploited by the nefarious Compeyson who employed Magwitch to carry out his dastardly
deeds.  When they were caught in their crimes, Compeyson was given a lesser sentence
than Magwitch despite his being the mastermind of the crimes because he looked the part
of a gentleman, clean-favored and articulate, while poor Magwitch, clad in his old
clothes, was given a harsher sentence. Thus, after discovering what a noble spirit
Magwitch actually has, Pip learns how the criminal justice system dehumanizes people as
he recalls the coarse and animalistic convict on the marshes that Magwitch was when he
first met him. About this subject, Markley writes,

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Such a realization allows Pip, and the reader,
to see the wrongness of a class structure that implies that wealth and a high station in
life are equal to high moral virtue. After all, Magwitch is portrayed as having a gentle
and noble spirit, while the more suave and gentlemanly Compeyson is a vicious and
unfeeling criminal.

That
social class is a superficial standard of value is developed in the three stages of
Great Expectations; Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook are impressed
with the eccentric Miss Havisham simple because she is of the upper class; in the second
stage, Pip aspires to this class because he perceives it as superior even though the
brutish Drummle is tolerated in high social circles;and, in the third stage, Pip
realizes that the lower class characters Magwitch, Joe, and Biddy are the most virtuous
and moral.  Clearly, in each of these three stages of Great
Expectations, a developing presentation of social injustice is
made.

To whom or what does the title, The Kite Runner, refer?

The title of Khaled Hosseini's novel, The Kite
Runner, refers to the sport of kite flying so popular among the people of
Afghanistan. As boys in Kabul, Amir often flew kites, even winning the city's most
important competition. While Amir flew his kite, Hassan served as the kite runner,
following it and retrieving other kites that had been cut by the glass-sharpened string.
It is at the end of this competition that Hassan is sodomized by a group of boys while
trying to retrieve Amir's kite. At the end of the story, Amir trades places, running the
kite being flown by Sohrab (Hassan's son) at their home in California. The title
symbolizes the close relationship between Amir and Hassan--one the son of a wealthy man,
and the other a poor servant boy. Amir's running of Sohrab's kite at the end of the
novel helps to break the ice with the reticent boy and helps to atone for Amir's past
sins against Hassan.

What is the relationship and significance between Charles and Laurie in the Shirley Jackson short story "Charles"?

Laurie has created Charles to serve as his bad-little-boy
alter ego in Shirley Jackson's short story, "Charles." Laurie has apparently been
pampered somewhat by his mother, and she worries before he heads off to kindergarten
that he may pick up some bad habits. Sure enough, they begin appearing at home at an
alarming rate. We can assume that Laurie conjures up the imaginary Charles in order to
explain his own bad behavior without having to admit to his parents that the misbehavior
comes from him. Laurie thus remains the innocent child that his parents see in him while
still admitting to his wrong-doings at school. Critics have explored the possibility
that Laurie is suffering from the early stages of a split personality, and his creation
of Charles lends evidence to this. Surely, his laughing "insanely" at home is a hint by
the author at the problems surrounding Laurie.

Hey guys, I need some help analysing each line of Macbeth's speech in Act 5, Scene 3 between lines 19 and 29 in Shakespeare's Macbeth.

Macbeth commands his cowardly servant to take his face out
of his presence. Then he yells for Seyton who will bring Macbeth his armor for fighting.
Macbeth continues to say that he is "sick at heart." He is about to go to battle. He is
talking to himself. He states that this "push" or battle will either deny him the throne
(take the throne from him) or bring him "cheer" as the throne will be his. This battle
will decide whether he will lose the throne or remain king. This battle will decide
whether Macbeth lives or dies.

If he does keep the throne,
he must not expect to have love and honor from his friends or subjects (people he
governs). Instead, he realizes he will have curses, but only quiet curses. People will
quietly curse Macbeth for fear he will hear them. He states that he must not look to
have the honor old age brings. If the people do honor him, they will only mouth the
honor; they will not actually mean it. They "dare not" openly curse him for fear of
Macbeth. These are Macbeth's comments:

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Take thy face hence.
Seyton—I am sick
at heart,
When I behold—Seyton, I say!—This push
Will cheer me
ever or disseat me now.
I have lived long enough. My way of life(25)

Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf,
And that which should
accompany old age,
As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,
I
must not look to have; but, in their stead,
Curses, not loud but deep,
mouth-honor, breath,(30)
Which the poor heart would fain deny and dare not.

Seyton!