Which of the following terms has most to do with water and electrolytes? A. Exudate B. Transudate C. Serosanguinous D. Induration

The best answer is B. 
Transudate.

Transudates and exudates are both
forms of extracellular fluid.  Transudates occur with intact capillary-tissue interface,
and result from increased pressure in the capillaries (such as in heart failure) low
serum proteins (e.g. Liver disease), kidney disease, etc.  Transudates have low protein
content and specific gravity.  Thus, the concept of transudate involves bodily fluids
and electrolytes.

Exudates are extracellular
fluids occurring when disease alters the capillary-tissue interface, allowing fluids
with high protein content and specific gravity to escape the blood vessels.  Most
exudates result from inflammation.  They have little to do with water and
electrolytes.

“Serosanguinous” is an adjective
describing a bodily fluid that is composed of a mixture of blood and serum.  It is
really a descriptive term for fluid in the body having a somewhat watery (serous)
consistency, and pink or red color from admixed blood.  Transudates and exudates may be
serosanguinous, however exudates are often thicker and not really
watery.

“Induration” means hardening.  It is
loosely related to the other terms in that if transudates or exudates accumulate beneath
the skin, for example, the tissues may be distended and hardened to palpation by the
examiner, and described as Induration.

The
reference distinguishes transudate from exudate.