What are some examples of figures of speech from the book Great Expectations by Charles Dickens?

One of the most famous repeated figures of speech is the
reference to being "brought up by hand," as in Pip's narration from chapter 8
below:

I had
cherished a profound conviction that her bringing me up by hand, gave her no right to
bring me up by jerks.

This
figure of speech means that Mrs. Joe beat Pip anytime he did something wrong so that he
would be well-behaved. This is a symbol, as the book
continues as abused is repeatedly doled out to Pip by Estella as he gets older, but this
is more of a verbal and emotional abuse. Symbols are indeed a type of
metaphor, so you could call it either and one phrase "by
hand" represents another... abuse. You could also call it a
euphemism because the phrase "by hand" is a much gentler
term that saying the boy is beaten or hit or
abused.

Another sentence from chapter 17 expresses several
figures of speech worth analyzing:

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So unchanging was the dull old house,
the yellow light in the darkened room, the faded spectre in the chair by the
dressing-table glass, that I felt as if the stopping of the
clocks had stopped time in that mysterious
place...

In the italicized
portion of this quote describing Miss Havisham's bride room, we have parallel
structure or parallelism which is the repetition of the
same grammatical form. Each phrase separated by commas begins with
the and then an adjective, and a noun, and a prepositional
phrase.

In the bold portion, the contents of a
simile exist but there is also
paradox present in the idea of time stopping. Time is
incapable of stopping.