Sunday, June 5, 2011

Why does Edwin Arlington Robinson, in his poem "Richard Cory, use the phrase "sole to crown" instead of "head to toe" and the phrase "imperially...

In his famous poem “Richard Cory,” Edwin Arlington
Robinson uses careful phrasing in highly effective
ways.


For example, rather than calling Cory “a gentleman
from head to toe,” Robinson instead calls him “a gentleman from sole to crown” (3). If
Robinson had written “head to toe,” the phrasing of the poem would have seemed hackneyed
and literally pedestrian.  There would have been nothing special about it; Robinson
would have been guilty of using a cliché. Such a flaw would have been especially
blameworthy in a poem about a man who seems so unusual and uncommon.  Cory is considered
a kind of aristocrat in the town in which he lives; he seems to live a loftier, happier,
more exalted life than those of most of the other townspeople. He is regarded almost as
a kind of royal figure, and so the word “crown” seems especially fitting (and also
foreshadows the word “glittered” in line 8).  Likewise, the word “toe” would have seemed
not only clichéd but also somewhat crude.  A “toe” is not, after all, an especially
distinguished part of the human body, whereas “sole” at least refers to Cory’s (probably
expensive and attractive) shoes. To walk around with one’s toes exposed implies extreme
informality, and Cory is anything but informal.


In the same
way, and for many of the same reasons, Robinson uses the phrase “imperially slim” (4)
rather than “very thin.”  The word “very” is, well, “very” common and undistinguished. 
It is perhaps the most over-used intensifying word in the English language.  To have
used the word “very” would have implied a lack of imagination on Robinson’s part,
whereas “imperially” is not only highly unusual and attention-grabbing but is also
perfectly appropriate to the other imagery in this poem that associates Cory with a kind
of small-town aristocracy.  Such imagery includes not only the reference to a “crown”
already discussed but also the subsequent use of “king”
(9).


Finally, “slim” is a better word than “thin” because
“thin” might have suggested that Cory (like other people in the town) was
undernourished.  It might have suggested that he was unattractively skinny, when in fact
he is anything but unattractive.  The word “slim,” on the other hand, suggests a man who
is young, healthy, physically fit, and (most important) in control of his life. For all
these reasons, the word “slim” helps make Cory’s death by suicide at the end of the poem
seem all the more shocking and ironic, not only to the townspeople but also to
Robinson’s readers. Cory, apparently, was not very much in control of his life after
all.  He may have been physically fit, but apparently he was troubled by mental demons
of which the townspeople were completely unaware, for


readability="9">

. . . Richard Cory, one calm summer
night,


Went home and put a bullet through his head.
(15-16)






No comments:

Post a Comment

What is the meaning of the 4th stanza of Eliot's Preludes, especially the lines "I am moved by fancies...Infinitely suffering thing".

A century old this year, T.S. Eliot's Preludes raises the curtain on his great modernist masterpieces, The Love...