Like many complicated narrative works, the Old English
poem Beowulf consists of such elements as plot, setting, theme,
style, and dialogue. Examples of these elements occur throughout the poem, but below are
some specific examples (from the Seamus Heaney
translation):
- The themes
of bravery and warfare are emphasized in the poem’s very first lines,
which declare that the Danish people
and the kings who ruled them had courage and
greatness.
We have heard of those princes’ heroic
campaigns.
(2-3)
- The
stylistic technique of alliteration, which is by far the most common
stylistic trait of Old English poetry, appears in such lines as the following: “as his
powers waxed and his
worth was proved” (8). As this
example illustrates, alliteration involves the repetition of consonant
sounds. - The main plot (or
story-line) of two thirds of the poem begins when the poem starts to focus on Hrothgar:
“The fortunes of war favored Hrothgar” (64). - An important
element of the setting of the poem involves the gloomy
landscape in which the monster Grendel spends much of his time. The poet describes
him
haunting the marches, marauding round the
heath
and the desolate fens . . . .
(103-04)
- Dialogue
appears when a thane guarding the coast of Denmark challenges Beowulf and his men to
identify themselves soon after they have
landed:
“What kind of men are you who
arrive
rigged out for combat in your coats of
mail,
sailing here over the sea
lanes
in your steep-hauled boat?
(237-40)
When Beowulf answers him, true dialogue has
begun.
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