Satire is defined in the English dictionary as a noun that
“uses the use of humor, exaggeration, ridicule, and irony to expose and criticize
people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and
other topical issues.”
Great Expectations is considered to
be Dickens’ best novel because of its use of satire, and the way he sheds light onto
what he deemed the reality of the times. Satire is spread throughout the first part of
the novel, including how he describes society.
Satire is
especially prevalent within the families of the novel. During the Victorian time
period, men were at the heads of families. They were not challenged by women. In Great
Expectations women take on domineering roles, sometimes even emotionally scarring their
men. For example, Mrs. Joe runs her home. Those around her fear her. This is more
satire on society, rather than satire over the families of the
time.
One example of family satire is how Dickens named the
cane Mrs. Joe uses to beat Pip. It’s referred to as a “tickler” cane, despite it being
a painful object of torture.
If you’re looking for examples
of satire, look to the characters first and foremost. Uncle Pumblechook is a perfect
example of Dickens’ use of satire. He is one of many characters that add satire, to
lighten the mood, and also show Dickens’ negative feelings towards those that should use
someone else to benefit themselves. This is done through showing how Pumblechook
criticizes, makes fun of and generally does not like Pip, until it’s clear that for Pip
there are, “great expectations.” Suddenly, Pumblechook notices his nephew-in-law and
begins “helping him.”
Other great examples of characters of
“higher breeding,” with satirical attitudes are Mrs. Havisham, and Estellas. Examples
of satire are found easily in Estella’s quotes to Pip. This is a girl who should be of
well manners, but she says things like, “You must know I have no heart- if that has
anything to do with my memory.'" (Pg. 235)
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