Authors often use literary devices in their narratives
as the employment of this figurative language embellishes a story, making the common
uncommon, extending the meaning of something beyond its usual denotation. In "The
Chrysanthemums," a story about which Steinbeck himself
wrote,
It is
entirely different and designed to strike without the reader's
knowledge,
there are unique
and interesting figures of speech. In fact, the very first sentence contains both
metaphor and hyperbole:
readability="9">
- The high grey-flannel
fog of winter closed off the Salina Valley from the sky and from
all the rest of the
world.
[the fog is compared to
grey-flannel = metaphor, an implied comparison of two unlike
things]
["all the rest of the world" is a hyperbole, an
obvious exaggeration as it only closes the
valley.]
- As Elisa
Allen works in her flower garden, she "brushed a cloud of hair
out of her eyes...." With a metaphor, Steinbeck compares Elisa's hair
that is in her eyes to a cloud, suggesting the fog that hangs over the
valley. - As she works quickly in the dirt, the author
describes her hands as having "terrier fingers," another
metaphor. - When the tinker pulls onto the Allen property,
the two ranch shephers fly out at the little mongrel who accompanies the tinker. All
three dogs stop, and with..."ambassadorial dignity" they
sniff one another. This metaphor is delightfully descriptive; the dogs observe a
protocol evidently regarding how they approach one another's end.
- Using hyperbole, Steinbeck refers to the one old wagon,
the horse, the donkey, the dog, and the tinker as "the
caravan." - When the bedraggled horse and
donkey "leaned luxuriously into their collars," hyperbole
is again used as the poor, mismatched animals could never look
luxurious. - As the tinker leaves with her chrysanthemum in
a pot, Elisha considers it metaphorically, "That's a bright
direction. There's a glowing there." She
envisions a part of her passion extended to another
person. - Elisa stands on the porch as she waits for her
husband to clean up; she looks toward the river road an perceives the willow-line as a
"thin band of sunshine." Here the willows still yellow
with frosted leaves are compared to the sunshine in a
metaphor.
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