Since 1950 it is estimated that the gross reproduction
rate increased, reached its peak of 2.21 in 1970-75 and has been steadily declining.
Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, the developed countries in Asia and the Pacific, have
estimated birthrates in the range of 15-18 in 1975-80. In contrast with the high levels
which prevail in Western and Middle South Asia, fertility declines of considerable
magnitude have been realized in some countries in East Asia and South
Asia.
As was the case with fertility, the largest gains in
mortality reduction have accrued among the less developed regions. A widespread feature
of recent mortality trends appears to be a recent slowdown in progress, which, in some
places, is manifested by a cessation in mortality decline. Data for Asia also indicate
that mortality declines have slowed during recent years. International migration
continues to show significant shifts in pattern and direction. The number of people
living in urban centers in Asia is increasing very rapidly, many of the larger cities
are doubling in size every 10 years. Meeting basic needs requires at least a dual target
for each less developed country an increase in gross national result of high fertility
in the past, a large presence of persons in the young ages in the education. It is
recognized that population is related to development, either as an acceleration or
impeding factor.
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