Insulin is a peptide hormone (also sometimes called a
protein hormone) and it is produced in the pancreas exactly the same way a polypeptide
(or protein) is produced in any cell. The first step of polypeptide production is
transcription of DNA by messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. The mRNA is then
translated in the ribosomes into an amino acid. Those
amino acids are then linked together with peptide bonds to create a
polypeptide.
After the protein is produced by the ribosome,
they travel through the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi
apparatus. The Golgi then packages the protein into a
vesicle and it is transported throughout the cell. If it is an excretory protein, like
insulin, it leaves the cell through exocytosis and travels
throughout the body.
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