what is the point of view in young goodman brown?how important is the point of view and does it change anywhere in the story?

The short story, “Young Goodman Brown,” is told from the
Third Person Omniscient point-of-view. The Third Person Omniscient narrator has the
ability to both describe the outward appearances of the characters and to explain the
character’s motives, desires, fears, and hopes. The difference between a limited and an
omniscient narrator is the degree of insight that each is able to provide. The
omniscient narrator is all-knowing, able to offer the reader absolute and unquestionable
insight into a character.  For instance, the narrator in this instance provides
information on Goodman Brown’s thoughts and reactions as he encounters the characters of
Good Cloyse and Deacon Gookin.

What types of roles or purposes do women have in the play Hamlet?

I'm afraid, by our standards today, Shakespeare's
Hamlet is quite a sexist play. Viewed from a feminist
perspective, one might say that the play is the result of a patriarchal or
male-dominated society.

The women in the play are victims
at best (Ophelia) and dupes at worst (Gertrude). 

Gertrude
is full of lust, lacks loyalty, is fooled by Claudius, and is killed by mistake from
Claudius's treachery.

Ophelia is dominated by her male
family members, made by them to spy on Hamlet, goes along with it, is abused
and ridiculed by Hamlet, loses her mind and commits
suicide. 

The action of the drama is furthered, for the
most part, by male characters.  Strictly speaking, the conflict is between two male
powerhouses:  Hamlet and Claudius.  Women are
peripheral.

In all likelihood, this was not an issue in
Hamlet's day.  From our contemporary perspective, though, the play is really quite
sexist.  Particularly in the "enlightened" Hamlet's view, the women are nothing more
than whores.

What are some multiple choice questions I can write on Animal Farm by George Orwell using literary terms?

If I were you, I would want to start off by going through
the book and noting down examples of literary terms, making sure I take down the quote
and page number. Then, having identified about ten literary terms, I would then
construct my test, offering about four responses to each question, and giving the phrase
which contains the literary term in the question itself. For example, looking at the
very opening of the novel in the first page of Chapter One, we can see the following
example of a literary term:

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As soon as the light in the bedroom went out
there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the farm
buildings.

Here, clearly the
word "fluttering" is an example of onomatopoeia, because it enacts the sound of the
action it represents. Your first question could therefore
be:

1) The use of the word "fluttering" on page 1 of the
novel is an example of:

a)
simile

b) metaphor

c)
onomatopoeia

d)
personification

Hopefully this will give you an example
that you can follow to create the rest of your test. Good luck and have
fun!

How does natural beauty uplist the spirit of the speaker in "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by Wordsworth?answer the question in detail please..

If I understand your question correctly, you are referring
to the fact that the imagery associated with nature is far more important than the
speaker's intent in the poem "I Wandered as Lonely as a Cloud" by Wordsworth. If this is
what you are saying, then I agree with you.

What Wordsworth
is offering is a place for readers to find the same thing as he has in nature.
Wordsworth has found in nature a place for him to
reflect:

In
vacant or in a pensive mood,/ They flash upon that inward eye/ Which is the bliss of
solitude;/ And then my heart with pleasure fills,/ And dances with the
daffodils.

Therefore, the
intent of the poem is to relay the message that all one needs to find is a place in
nature that fills one with substantial emotion so as to pull them out of any depressive
or angry state. Nature has created such an impact on Wordsworth that he is able to
recall the image of the field of flowers whenever he needs cheering. This seems to be,
by far, the more important message of the poem.

It is not
the fact that Wordsworth, himself, is able to replay the images burned by nature on his
'inward eye'; instead, it is the fact that nature has the power to move all people so
that they can use it to bring out more positive feelings.

What is the mood in The Open Window by saki ?

The mood of "The Open Window" begins in a ordinary manner.
It is merely an introduction from Framton Nuttel to Mrs. Sappleton. As the story
progresses, the mood becomes suspenseful. As the niece tells her tall tale, the reader
is as intrigued and is Framton Nuttel. When Mrs. Sappleton claims to see her husband and
her brothers walking toward the house, the reader has sympathy for poor Mrs. Sappleton.
Then when the neice and Framton see the same images, the reader is anxious, thinking
that Mr. Sappleton and the other two men are ghosts,
apparitions.

When Framton makes his quick exit, the reader
begins to realize that the niece has told a tall tale. As the tone becomes humorous, the
reader is relieved to know that the niece has told a terrific tale that frightend both
Framton and the reader.

At the ending of the story, the
reader is so relieved until he or she cannot become angry with the niece for her
practical joke. The ironic ending leaves the reader filled with, first, apprehension and
anxiety. Then the mood becomes one of humor and relief.

What is the need of the environment?

An environment can be defined as all the surroundings that
make it possible for a given organism to live. This can include air, water, climate,
minerals, soil, and sunlight. In addition to all these non-livings components, an
environment also consists of the other living organisms in a given area.  However, for
man there are two environments a natural one and a manmade one, such as a city or
suburban surrounding. This consists of all the elements of human life in an area,
including the physical infrastructure and social and societal institutions, such as
nation, community, schools, culture and sub-culture,
etc.

The role of the environment is a significant one for
all living things. The environment of an organism helps to define it, and vice-versa.
The raw materials tell us what we will eat, breathe, and how we will survive in a given
space. Without a stable natural environment, providing us the proper food, water,
sunlight, temperature, and space to live, it would be impossible for us as humans to
settle in a given space and development our own environment and culture. This manmade
culture is also vital to our health, by nature we are social creatures and require
others to thrive, our environment, whether physical or abstract provides the structure
by which we socialize and get our social and emotional needs
met.

Identify poetic techniques/devices used in the poem "Because I could not stop for death" by Emily Dickinson?

In Emily Dickinson's "Because I could not stop for Death,"
there are several poetic devices used.

It should be noted
that poetry is written to be read aloud. It is when we hear a poem
that its musical qualities can be measured, as they resonate in our
ears.

The first and most obvious literary device is the
personification of "Death." Personification gives human
characteristics to non-human things. Death is not a person; it has no personality. In
this poem, however, it is spoken of as such; for example, it drives, and is not simply a
state of being.

"Gazing Grain" is also an example of
personification. Grain cannot gaze.

Another device used is
alliteration. This is the repetition of the same consonant
sound found at the beginning of a group of words. Note the author's use of "labor" and
"leisure;" Recess" and "Ring;" "Gazing Grain;" "Setting Sun;" "Gossamer" and "Gown; and,
"Tippet" and
"Tulle."

Assonance is also
used, once more appealing to the sense of sound. It is defined as the repetition of
vowel sounds in a group of words. We hear it in "Gazing Grain" with the long "a" sound,
and "Dews drew" with the repetition of the long "u"
sound.

Another device that is used
is meter, or rhythm. More than
anything else, the poem's meter is iambic. This means that there is
a stress on every other syllable. The point to this kind of rhythm is that as it is
read, it feels as if there is a sway or lilt to the poem's
movement. This is symbolic of the swaying one would experience when riding in a
carriage, as it moves from side-to-side. This makes the poetic experience more realistic
for the listener.

Finally, the poem's
imagery is impressive. If we are not already impressed and
affected by the sounds and the poem's movement, Dickinson's imagery cannot be overstated
as an important element, especially in this piece—as the speaker describes the last
things in the world that she either sees or recalls.

In the
first two lines is the unlikely image of "Death" being "kind." We can imagine a sense of
verbal irony here: we might not choose to stop for
something; certainly we make many such choices daily in exercising our free will. In
this case, there is no choice, and there is no kindness present at
all.

Consider "We drove slowly—He knew no haste." In this
image, we are confronted with one of life's greatest truths. When one is dead, time
becomes meaningless.

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We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain
–

We passed the Setting Sun
–

These two lines bring to
mind a drive through the countryside, with grain that is unmoving (as is one who is
"gazing"), and the colored sky hinting at a soon-to-come
sunset.

Art speaks to people in many different ways—for me,
the image I have is an orange cast to the sky that changes the color of the golden grain
ever so slightly. These lines can also be seen as symbolic
of the end of the speaker's last day—her last glimpse or the last moments of life; the
transition between the living grain soon to be harvested, alive no more, as is the case
with the sun setting, having ended its
life...but only for another
day.

Dickinson's mastery of poetic devices in sound and
diction (word choice) allow the reader to travel with her and experience life as she
once did—catching onto the kite tails of her imagination so we might see the world
through her eyes for a short time.

What did Casy's death symbolize in The Grapes of Wrath?

Casy's death represents several elements in the
narrative.  The first is that it shows the lengths that the "owners and their minions"
will go to silence the truth from being spoken.  Casy's death is not an accident.  It is
a reflection of how violence is used to suppress dissent in an industrialist
configuration where the struggle and desire for wealth outstrips the compassion and care
for human beings.  At the same time, his death is a representation of the result of the
protection of these economic interests.  Casy's death also represents a critical moment
for Tom.  He is linked to another human being, a condition that moves from him isolation
to collectivization and solidarity,  Tom kills in defense of another human being. This
shows that Casy's death has accomplished a change in Tom, something that shows his own
care for human beings.  This is a condition that was not in his character at the start
of the novel, one where he simply wished to be "left alone."  Now, he is convinced that
his calling and his purpose is to be linked to other people and a larger community,
something that is brought out in Casy's death.

What role does the Scrivener play in Richard III?

The primary purpose of the scrivener in Shakespeare's
Richard III is to draw the audience's attention to how corrupt
things have become in light of Richard's machinations. 

Without
knowing that Richard has ambitions to be king, Hastings has admitted to Richard's ally
Catesby that he could never support Richard over Edward, the Prince
of Wales. When Catesby reports this to Richard, Richard falsifies charges against
Hastings to get rid of this man who might prevent him from sitting on the throne of
England. Accusations of treason surround Hastings and he is ultimately
assassinated.

The scrivener, also called a herald (or a
"professional copier") has written up the charges that accuse Hastings of being a
traitor, but they are presented after Hastings has already been
killed.

[The]
scrivener...reads an indictment of Hastings to the citizens of London that speaks of the
(already executed) nobleman as a
traitor...

The scrivener
notes that his is a legal document that he has clearly written, so that it can be shared
publicly in front of St. Paul's Cathedral. He reports that Catesby brought the charges
to the scrivener and it took him eleven hours to copy it. The
original took the same time: he directs our attention to the
twenty-two hours total it took to write the original charges and the copy, but that five
hours previous to that moment, Hastings was alive and well, under no suspicion. So the
charges have been lodged after his death. The scrivener says it is a backward world when
things take place out of order. He demands how anyone could be tricked by this
situation: wouldn't everyone with half a brain be able to figure out what has really
happened?

Who
is so gross / That he cannot see this palpable device?
(III.vi.10-11)

He summarizes
the situation by lamenting how terrible it is to know something but be unable (for the
danger of it) to speak aloud of what one knows.

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Bad is the world, and all will come to
naught

When such ill dealing must be seen in thought.
(III.vi.13-14)

The scrivener,
if the audience is not clear, explains the length to which Richard has gone to guarantee
that he becomes the next King of England.

What makes a water bottle rocket fly?In the bottle rocket we had water, mentos, and baking soda. We pumped air into it using an air pump.

The "bottle rocket" is able to "fly" because of the use of
water and pressure, created with a chemical reaction between the mentos and baking soda.
Whereas other kinds of compression can be used, such as cylinders of CO2, compressed air
or nitrogen, the air in the bottle is pressurized by the gases released when combining
(most likely) the sugar from the mints and baking soda. (You may recall simulating a
volcanic reaction by adding vinegar to baking soda: this chemical reaction releases
energy.) When the reaction takes place, the pressure must go somewhere. With no other
outlet, the gases force the water from the bottle, and the release of this water propels
the "rocket" into the air as the water escapes at a violent
speed.

This experiment is directly related to illustrating
"aeronautics."

The following concepts are connected to the
bottle rocket...

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...inertia, gravity, air resistance, Newton's
laws of motion, acceleration, relationships between work and energy or impulse and
momentum, projectile motion,
etc.

The water bottle is the
water rocket's "engine." The fuel (in your case) is the mints and the baking soda—which
cause combustion: the burst of energy needed to raise the rocket. The loss of water from
the bottle lightens the weight and allows for the rocket to climb
higher.

What arguments can be made to support a thesis that the Holocaust made German victory in World War II less likely?

There are several possible points to be made that would
support such a thesis.  I'll address them separately:

1) 
Resources and Manpower - To organize and carry out the
murder of 11 million people took a gigantic amount of physical resources in terms of
energy, transportation and manpower.  All of those resources were thus tied down and
withheld from the war effort.  The Holocaust involved several hundred thousand soldiers,
clerks and guards working in over 1200 camps and
ghettos.

2)  Jewish scientists -
Germany led the world in nuclear physics in the 1920s and 30s, and a
number of the most prominent scientists were also Jewish.  Once Hitler took power and
began a program to weaponize the atom, many of these scientists left the country or were
smuggled out (Albert Einstein among them), ending up in Britain and the United States
where they then aided the Allied bomb program instead.  By denying Hitler his chance at
the atom bomb, the Holocaust also denied him victory

It
should also be said that the prisoners in concentration camps manufactured immense
amounts of war materiel with no labor cost to the German government.  In addition, the
confiscated wealth and property of those Jews sent to the camps and ghettos also reaped
the Third Reich a tidy profit.  So it is equally possible to argue the opposite thesis,
that, tragically and horribly, the Germans actually were aided in the war effort by
their huge pool of slave labor.

What does Machiavelli's work tell us about the political environment of late 15c and early 16c Italy?

Machiavelli's work indicates the basic instability of
government and of rulers in Italy during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. At the
time, Venice was the most powerful of the Italian city states, based on its maritime
empire; Rome was controlled by the Pope who held both political and religious authority,
and Florence primarily from the Medici who lost power and then were returned. It was
difficult to determine who one should support, or how long an authority would last.
Indicative of the problems was the work of Cesare Borgia, the son of Rodrigo Borgia who
became Pope Alexander VI. Cesare had been made a Cardinal in the church by his father,
but built an army and attempted to build his own empire in the vicinity of Rome using
funds furnished by his father.

Machiavelli had been a
political official in Florence while the Medici were in political exile; however they
returned to power and he was imprisoned and tortured. His reasons for writing
The Prince have been largely debated. There is some argument that
he intended to flatter the ruling Medici; but the avowed purpose of the book is to
advise a ruler how to stay in power by whatever means, thereby providing the stability
that had long been absent in Italian/Florentine government. Interestingly, the last
chapter exhorts the Prince to liberate Italy from the
"barbarians:"

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This opportunity, therefore, ought not to be
allowed to pass for letting Italy at last see her liberator appear. Nor can one express
the love with which he would be received in all those provinces which have suffered so
much from these foreign scourings, with what thirst for revenge, with what stubborn
faith, with what devotion, with what tears. What door would be closed to him? Who would
refuse obedience to him? What envy would hinder him? What Italian would refuse him
homage? To all of us this barbarous dominion stinks. Let, therefore, your illustrious
house take up this charge with that courage and hope with which all just enterprises are
undertaken, so that under its standard our native country may be ennobled, and under its
auspices may be verified that saying of Petrarch:

Virtue
against fury will advance the fight,
And it in the conflict soon shall put to
flight
For the old Roman valor is not dead
Nor in the Italian's
breast extinguished.

Discuss the meaning of the quote, "The unexamined life is not worth living" with reference to Platonic ideas.

Plato's quote refers to the idea of thorough reflection
and examination are important elements to one's being in the world.  For Plato, the
"unexamined life is not worth living" is an extension of his Allegory of the Cave.  In
this, a group of men are chained to one another inside a cave and must live with what
they consider reality, the drawings on the cave wall.  One of the cave- dwellers is
able, though, to see some light from the outside creeping in and they follow the light
to its source, a world outside the cave. Here the cave- dweller sees plant and flowers,
sun and sky and they understand what is there.  They recognize this as the true reality.
When they go back inside the cave and tell the others, the cave- dweller who has now
seen life outside the cave is shunned and rejected as the others discard what he sees as
reality and see their own vision of consciousness as the only reality.  It is here where
Plato's quote has meaning and relevance.  For individuals who wish to have a life worthy
of living, Plato believes that human beings must strive to live outside the cave, and to
experience reality that transcends our current state of being.  This striving and
examination sets our lives apart from those who don't.  It makes the truly unique
individual truly unique.  Other might not "get it," but this is where the examined life
holds its own intrinsic value.  It is also where others live the unexamined life, one
that Plato believes is "not worth living,"

What kind of society did Sir William Berkeley envision for Virginia?

Sir William Berkeley was the governor of Virigina from
1642 to 1652 and then again from 1660 until his death in 1677.  During this time, he
wanted very much to remake Virginia into an autonomous society which had a more
diversified economy.

Virginia, of course, was heavily
dependent on tobacco.  Berkeley wanted to remedy this situation.  He wanted to create a
society that would be autonomous from England.  In order to create this society he
wanted free trade (as opposed to the mercantilist system that was in place).  He also
wanted a local assembly that would have complete autonomy over local issues.  Finally,
he wanted Virginians to raise a wider variety of crops so that their economy would not
depend so much on tobacco.

On the whole, Berkeley was not
particularly successful in achieving any of these goals.  He is best known to history as
the governor at the time of Bacon's Rebellion.

Comment on Macbeth's thoughts and feelings regarding the plan to murder king Duncan.

I agree with the above post. Macbeth is definitely torn
between what is right and wrong with the killing of King Duncan. In fact, Macbeth has
even changed his mind about killing King Duncan. He shares with Lady Macbeth his
sentiments, stating that they will not proceed with the
murder:

We
will proceed no further in this business.
He has recently honored me, and I
now have the
Golden opinions from all sorts of people,
Which I want
to enjoy for a bit longer, and
Not cast them aside so
soon.

Macbeth seems content
to be honored as Thane of Cawdor. He expresses his decision to not kill King Duncan to
Lady Macbeth, declaring that the two of them will not proceed any further in the
murdering of King Duncan. He is content with the honors that King Duncan has bestowed
upon him.

At this point, Macbeth has clearly changed his
mind about murdering King Duncan. Then Lady Macbeth begins challenging his manhood. She
manipulates his feelings by asking him if he is afraid to kill
Duncan:

Are
you afraid
To be the same man in reality
As the one you wish to be?
Would you have the crown
Which you believe to be the ornament of
life,
And yet live like a coward in your own
self-esteem,

Lady Macbeth
pressures Macbeth. She will not take no for an answer. She begins playing with Macbeth's
emotions. She causes Macbeth to begin thinking about murdering King Duncan. Of course,
he has his doubts still and questions the actual killing of King
Duncan:

If we should
fail?

Once again, Macbeth is
contemplating the murder of King Duncan. However, he is uncertain that the action will
be completed without failing somehow. To answer his question of failing, Lady Macbeth
has the answer:

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We fail!
Only dig deep for your
courage,
And we'll not
fail.

Macbeth is now thinking
about proceeding with the murder of King Duncan. Lady Macbeth has clearly convinced him
to proceed. He gives in to her and commits to the murdering of King
Duncan:

I’m
convinced, and I commit
Every part of my body to this terrible
event.

Now, Macbeth is
convinced. Lady Macbeth has worked on his emotions and his reasoning. He is now
convinced to follow through with the murdering Of King Duncan. Lady Macbeth has won him
over with her mainpulation of his manhood.

Will the nitric acid in the wash water interfere with the weight of the silver chloride?I'm doing the common AP Chemistry: Analysis of Ag in an...

the nitric acid will not interfere with your analysis to
find the mass of silver in the alloy.

Some of the nitric
acid is used to oxidize the Ag and Cu to their +1 and +2 states respectively, forming
nitrate salts with each of the metal ions.  The nitrate ions that oxidize the metals are
reduced to NO (g).

When the NaCl is added the silver ions
combine with the chloride ions to form a precipitate of AgCl (s), which will be filtered
and washed.  Since copper chloride and copper nitrate are both soluble, the copper
remains in solution.  Any free nitric acid will be washed away when you rinse the
precipitate. so that only AgCl is remaining. As long as you dry the AgCl to constant
weight you should get the correct result.

Comparing the way Wopsle is heckled by the audience with the way Trabbs's boy mimicks Pip, in what ways are the two incidents similar?In Chapter 30...

As Pip struts through his village in Chapter XXX acting
the new gentleman that he is, he feels proud of himself until Trabb's boy prostrates
himself in the street in mock humility and mimicking Pip in a haught voice, “Don't know
yah, don't know yah, 'pon my soul don't know yah!”

Pursuing
Pip, Trabb's boy makes crowing sounds, and follows Pip across the bridge.  After he
arrives in London again, Pip has a package sent to Joe and then he writes to Mr. Trabb,
saying that he cannot be treated in such a way, and

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to say that Mr. Pip must decline to deal further
with one who could so far forget what he owed to the best interests of society, as to
employ a boy who excited Loathing in every respectable
mind.

Then, in Chapter XXXI,
Pip finds a handbill in his pocket that tells of Mr. Wopsle's--Mr. Waldengarver, as he
now calls himself--acting debut as Hamlet.  Pip offers to take Herbert in order to
"comfort and abet" Herbert's affairs of the heart.  Once at the theatre, Pip notices how
the crowd mocks the affected Wopsle, answering his questions in the "To be or not to be"
soliloquy, and shouting at and mocking him when his stockings reveal his white leg, or
yelling "wai-ter" as Wopsle waves a handerchief in the graveyard scene. Even Pip and
Herbert cannot stiffle their own laughs. 

After the play,
however, Mr. Waldengarver appears to have interpreted the mockings another way, telling
Pip,

I had the
happiness to know you in former times, and the Drama has ever had a claim which has ever
been acknowledged, on the noble and the
affluent.”

Like Pip, he
blames he fails to perceive his own shirtcomings.  When Pip and Herbert flatter him,
Mr. Wopsle soaks up their praises in self-delusion. As Pip blames Trabb's boy's
outrageous behavior as coming from one who is "a dodging serpent,"  Pip, too, is deluded
in not seeing himself as snobbish and putting on airs. Neither Mr. Wopsle nor Pip
examine how they have assumed unauthentic appearances and brought the ridicule upon
themselves.

In The Odyssey, what are the main causes of the troubles that Agamemnon and Menelaus face on their way home from Troy?

To discover the fate of Menelaus after the end of the
Trojan War, we need to look at Book 4 of this epic classic. In this section of the story
Menelaus tells Telemachus how he managed to make it home. He, like other Greeks, found
that his journey homeward was protracted due to the way that his ship was blown off
course. Menelaus found himself stranded in Egypt and is told by Proteus how he can get
back to his home.

As for his brother, Agamemnon, the story
is somewhat different and much more tragic. Ater a voyage that was marked with storms
and tempests, Agamemnon was blown off course and landed in the country of Aegisthus,
whom Clytemnestra (Agamemnon's wife) had taken as a lover. Agamemnon's return resulted
in his slaughter at the hands of his wife or at the hands of her lover, depending on
which account you look at.

What is a sociopath?

A sociopath (or antisocial personality disorder), as
defined by Dictionary.com, is :

a
person, as a psychopathic personality, whose behavior is antisocial and who lacks a
sense of moral responsibility or social
conscience.

Typically a person must possess very
specific behaviors to be deemed a sociopath. The following characteristics are typical
of a sociopath:
-They are manipulative. Everything is about them and they are
willing to do anything which they see as self-serving.
-They possess a
grandiose view of self. They believe that they are always in the right and that it
allows them to always justify behaviors.
- They are pathological liars. They
have no problem telling lies about anything, no matter what the level of the lie.

-They have no emotions which relate to shame or guilt. Given they they
possess a grandiose view of self, any behavior which they partake in they deem right.
Others, in the mind of a sociopath, are not like them- therefore, they can be treated in
any way the sociopath deems necessary; and they feel no remorse for their actions upon
others.
-They lack emotions. They see emotions as manipulatives. Therefore,
they do not trust the emotions of others nor can others trust the stated emotions of the
sociopath.
-They are impulsive. Give they believe in their own power only,
they have impulsive behaviors led by their irrational internal emotions and feelings.

-Typically, sociopaths partake in obsessive and violent behaviors such as
promiscuity and addictions.
-Above all, they do not believe that there is
anything wrong with them.

*****This list contains a limited list
of defining characteristics of a sociopath. Please do not use this list to diagnose self
or others.

Please summarize "Clutter," by William Zinsser.

"Clutter" is chapter three of William Zinsser's highly
influential book On Writing Well, in which Zinsser explains some
principles of clear and effective writing and illustrates his advice with many
examples.

In "Clutter," Zinsser urges readers to avoid
unneccessary words. He urges them to write prose that is crisp, clear, and clean. He
asserts that cluttered writing is both a symptom and a cause of many problems in
contemporary American society.

Zinsser notes that often we
add unnecessay prepositions to verbs, as in "head up," "face up to, "free up," and other
such phrases, in which the verb alone is sufficient and more
effective.

He notes that we also often add unnecessary
adjectives to our writing, as in such phrases as "personal physician" or "personal
friend," in which the noun alone is sufficient and more
effective.

Zinsser also criticizes over-use of the word
"experiencing," as in the question "Are you experiencing pain?" rather than the simpler,
clearer, "Does it hurt?"

He also attacks "ponderous
euphemisms," and he suggests that corporations, the government, and the military, in
particular, find it useful to employ cluttered
language.

Professional jargon is also censured by Zinsser,
as are long words when shorter words would suffice.  Likewise, he advises against using
faddish words. He concludes the main part of his essay with a striking summary of all
the bad word choices he has criticized:

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They are all weeds that will smother what you
write. Nor are all the weeds so
obvious.

He advises writers
to do as he did when he taught at Yale: when reading writing, bracket any unnecessay
words. Eventually, doing so will become a habit, and writers will mentally bracket
unneeded words when they go back to revise their writing.

A
reader with an ironic eye might suggest that Zinsser himself sometimes violates his own
advice (a charge he would probaby admit, since no writer is perfect). For example, he
uses the word "locutions" when a simpler term might do. He also urges writers to avoid
phrases such as "I might add," but Zinsser himself began the previous paragraph with the
phrase "I could go on . . . ."  Finally, in his next-to-last paragraph he once again
gives advice he has already offered throughout the essay, this time using eight
sentences (including highly similar questions) when perhaps four might have done the
job.

Ultimately, though, few could argue with Zinsser's
final bit of advice: "Simplify, simplify." (Note, however, that the same word is
repeated when it might have been enough to say simply:
"Simplify."

How close is the film version of "Barn Burning" to the original written piece?

The movie adaptation of "Barn Burning" starring Tommy Lee
Jones is an excellent portrayal of the characters, events and themes of Faulkner's short
story.  The novel does an excellent job of showing the anger and frustration of the
father along with the coldness of his heart and his treatment of his family in contrast
to the fires he sets.  Sarty's shock and horror over his father's actions is
heartbreaking, and his fear and yet sadness as he runs away at the end is very
emotional.  The last image of the movie -- the wagon and his family -- driving away
without him is different from the story, but still an excellent ending to the
movie.

Why did the people (occupants) leave Chaco Canyon?

Although it is, of course, impossible to know for sure why
pre-literate people did things, scholars believe they know why Chaco was abandoned.  The
basic theory is that climatic change and a decrease in the amount of resources that were
available nearby led to a gradual abandonment of the dwellings in Chaco
Canyon.

Beginning in 1130 AD, a severe drought hit the
region.  This drought lasted a long time and even after the worst was over, rainfall
remained below the previous average for decades.  After 1130, no more building was done
in the canyon.  Scholars believe that the drought and the decline in resource
availability made Chaco less viable as a major center.  Over the decades, the population
declined as people moved away to places that had more resources.

What are some traits of both Sheila Mant and the narrator in W. D. Wetherell's short story "The Bass, the River, and Sheila Mant"?

Sheila:

• Self-centered (She talks
  almost exclusively about herself.)


• Vain (She talks about
  being a model.)


• Opinionated (She says fishing is
  “definitely dumb.”)


• Beautiful (What else does the
  narrator see in her?)


• Thoughtless or Selfish (She leaves
  the narrator for an older guy with a
  car.)

Narrator:

• Observant
  (Watches the Mants from afar.)


• Meticulous (Check out how
  he preps the canoe for the date, sets up his fishing rig, even uses the dog to set the
  drag.)


• Assertive (He does ask Sheila out and push enough
  for her to agree.)


• Quiet (As he says at the end, others
  have often told him he’s different, just like Sheila
  did.)


• Reflective (He’s telling this story as a way of
  thinking about it--and he reflected enough at the time to avoid repeating the same
  mistake.)

Sheila:

-
Self-centered (She talks almost exclusively about
herself.)

- Vain (She talks about being a
model.)

- Opinionated (She says fishing is “definitely
dumb.”)

- Beautiful (What else does the narrator see in
her?)

- Thoughtless (She leaves the narrator for an older
guy with a car.)

Narrator:

-
Observant (Watches the Mants from afar.)

- Meticulous
(Check out how he preps the canoe for the date, sets up his fishing rig, even uses the
dog to set the drag.)

- Assertive (He does ask Sheila out
and push enough for her to agree.)

- Quiet (As he says at
the end, others have often told him he’s different, just like Sheila
did.)

- Reflective (He’s telling this story as a way of
thinking about it--and he reflected enough at the time to avoid repeating the same
mistake.)

What is the external environment for a business?

When we refer to the external environment of a business,
we are talking about everything that happens outside the firm that affects the firm's
operations and prospects.

Typically, it is said that the
external environment consists of a number of aspects.  These
include:

• Competition.  The amount and intensity
  of competition that the firm faces.


• Ethics.  The ethical
  standards of the country or countries in which the firm
  operates.


• Social attitudes.  The kinds of values and
  beliefs that exist in a country and can affect the way the firm's practices and products
  are perceived.


• Legal.  The laws that affect what the
  business can do.  This can also include the amount of predictability and stability there
  is in the relevant laws.


• Economic.  The general strength
  or weakness of the economy of which the firm is a
  part.

All of these are factors that exist
outside the firm but which affect the firm's operations to varying
degrees.

What were the causes of WWI (specifically to war in Europe)?

The underlying causes of WWI led to war in Europe by
causing the countries involved to belive that it was important to go to
war.

The major causes of the war are often listed as
imperialism, militarism, and nationalism.  These forces led countries to feel that it
was important for them to grow in power and to be able to demonstrate this power.  They
wanted, for example, to prove that they were superior to the others because of the
quality of their military.  They wanted to demonstrate their national virtues by having
empires that were as good as those of their rivals.

As the
countries all tried to demonstrate their power, they scared one another.  As Germany,
for example, tried to become stronger, countries like France became alarmed because they
feared that increased German power would be used on them.  The French therefore came to
think that they should fight Germany before Germany became too
powerful.

In this sort of way, the underlying causes of the
war led the countries of Europe to feel that war was in their best
interests.

What is Snowball’s attitude toward education in Animal Farm by George Orwell?

This study question is from Chapter Three of
Animal Farm in which the pigs organize, direct, and supervise the
other animals.  While there is no direct statement made about Snowball's attitude
regarding education, Orwell indicates the Napoleon and Snowball already are literate at
the time of the Rebellion:  "As for the pigs, they could already read and write
perfectly."  So, while the more intelligent animals such as the dogs and the goats
learned to read well, many of the others did not go much farther than learning
letters. 

However, this does not seem worry Snowball, for
he busies himself with organizing the animals into committees. "He was indefatigable at
this."  This interest in having the animals in committees indicates Snowball's
inclination to have the animals read and be informed of the activities on the farm. 
When the animals cannot memorize the Seven Commandments, Snowball declares that these
commandments can be reduced to the single maxim that all can learn, "Four legs good, two
legs bad." 

Having initiated the path toward educating the
animals, Snowball is the more scholarly.  Certainly, he is more interested in education
than is Napoleon who seeks power by instructing the puppies to be his
bodyguards.

Describe Bernard's relationship with Lenina in Brave New World

Since both Bernard and Lenina are somewhat unorthodox in
their behaviors for their castes, they are attracted to each other.  For instance, in
her conversation with her friend Fanny, Lenina tells
her,

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"somehow...I hadn't been feeling very keen on
promiscuity lately."

But, her
friend scolds her, saying that it is not good to be so: "But one's got to make the
effort.  Unlike others, Lenina does not wish to go with many men, and she suffers from
some emotional feelings.  Likewise, when Bernard wants a meaningful relationship; so,
when he overhears Henry Foster speak of Lenina's pneumatic qualities to the Assistant
Predestinator, who says he will have to have her at his first opportunity, he turns pale
with emotion.

With these emotional urgings, Bernard and
Lenina get together; however, Bernard is disappointed that Lenina does not wish to enjoy
the beauty of nature and solitude with him on their first evening together.  Instead,
she views the night as perfect for Obstacle Golf, a consumer game. And, when Lenina
behaves in this way typical of those in the New World, Bernard becomes melancholy, for
in Lenina he seeks someone who is also different since he, short and emotional, is not
typical for his caste.

On the next date, Bernard childishly
wishes to express his individuality by being "Myself and nasty.  Not somebody else,
however jolly" when Lenina offers him a glass with soma, reciting "
A gramme in time saves nine." So, while he has hoped in stopping to look at the
moon that they would be "more together...with nothing but the sea and moon," Lenina is
horrified by nature, instead reciting verses of hypnopoedic nonsense  while Bernard
bemoans his enslavement by his conditioning.

Disappointed
in Lenina's responses to his acts of individualism, Bernard, nevertheless, invites her
to travel to the New Mexican Reservation.  But, bewildered by all that she confronts,
Lenina retreats into a soma dream; in fact, even Bernard takes
soma when he learns that he has been ordered to Iceland.  Once they
return to the New World with John the Savage, Bernard becomes a hypocrite, participating
in all that he formerly criticized.  He uses John to advance his position with the
Director and others while Lenina is more perplexed by his behavior and begins to focus
on John, someone new and different, since Bernard, whom she has found somewhat
intriguing, has  been more a diversion for her from Henry Foster than anything else. 
Clearly, Lenina is bound by her conditioning while Bernard lacks the courage to be truly
authentic.

Please explain the following stanza from "Ode to a Nightingale" by Keats.MY heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock...

You have cited the first stanza of this remarkable poem.
The stanza opens by describing the melancholy attitude of the speaker. We are not given
a reason for his feelings, but perhaps he is heartbroken, as he describes "numbness" as
something that characterises his condition. It is in this state, that the speaker hears
the beautiful song of the nightingale. The quality of this song, as it is both exquisite
and melancholy, seems to fit the mood of the speaker, as it captures the paradoxical
response of both happiness and sadness. The speaker feels happy because of the way that
the bird represents a lust for life as he sings in "full-throated ease," but at the same
time it heightens his state of being alone and his melancholy thoughts. The first four
lines are important because it helps explain the way that the speaker goes on to have a
kind of out-of-body experience as the song of the nightingale enraptures him and moves
him beyond himself.

In Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott," what is the poet saying here:By the margin, willow veil'd,Slide the heavy barges trail'd By slow horses; and...

In the early stanzas of Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott,"
the setting is established, as is the contrast between Shalott and Camelot. 
Specifically, though, the stanza you quote establishes that much traffic passes by
Shalott on the way to Camelot, but no one takes notice of the
Lady. 

Barge traffic passes by, the stanza establishes, and
the barges are heavy, big.  The idea is that many people pass by everyday, but no one
sees the Lady.  The narrator rhetorically asks whether or not anyone is even aware of
her existence.

A slight suggestion may exist in the lines
that the people that pass by are negligent in not paying attention, just as in the close
of the poem the suggestion that Lancelot has been negligent may also exist.  For the
most part, however, the poem establishes that the Lady is not allowed to look out the
window (the casement) and wave.  She is cursed.   She is isolated--that's the point. 
She is an artist totally isolated from that which she is supposed to be
depicting--reality.  The stanza you quote contributes to the establishment of that
isolation. 

Of course, it also raises reader sympathy for
the Lady. 

What leads you to believe the events described in the preface of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings are painful to recall?

The preface of this incredible autobiography focuses on a
highly embarrassing childhood memory of Maya Angelou's when she trips up in church and
wets herself. Note how Maya responds to this tremendous
indignity:

So
I ran down into the yard and let it go. I ran, peeing and crying, not toward the toilet
out back but to our house. I'd get a whipping for it, to be sure, and the nasty children
would have something new to tease me
about.

Clearly, reliving such
an embarrassing and painful childhood memory is not going to be easy to recall. However,
more importantly than this is the way that Maya as a child is shown to dream of being
white and how she hopes one day she can "wake out of her black ugly dream" with her
"real" blonde hair and blue eyes. The painful nature of this sense of dislocation is
captured in the final two paragraphs of the preface:

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If growing up is painful for the Southern Black
girl, being aware of her displacement is the rust on the razor that threatens the
throat.

It is an unnecessary
insult.

The strong words used
and the comparison of the awareness of displacement to the rust on the razor combines
images of violence and pain with the childhood that Maya experienced, making it clear
that what she narrates is painful.

Which of Diamond's arguments in Guns, Germs, and Steel do you find weakest?He often says things like 'now this isn't ALWAYS the case', but ignoring...

One of Diamond's arguments that I find least convincing is
his argument (as at the end of Chapter 6) that farming societies will always defeat
nomadic societies.

Perhaps the clearest example that could
be used to try to refute this argument is the example of the Mongols.  The Mongols were
a nomadic people who essentially did not farm.  Even so, they were somehow able to use
their mobility and their political organization (which Diamond says should not be very
advanced in hunter-gatherer societies) to conquer a major empire within relatively
modern times.

Of course, the Mongols did have domesticated
animals, but they were not a sedentary society and did not raise crops.  This should
have disadvantaged them according to Diamond.  The fact that they were so successful
seems to indicate that there may be a problem with this aspect of Diamond's
argument.

In chapter 9 of The Good Earth, what does O-lan tell Wang Lung about their girl child?

This is actually one of the more tragic events that occur
in this book. After the birth of her latest child in this chapter, when Wang Lung goes
into his wife's room to see how she is and how the baby is, O-Lan tells him that the
girl child has died, with the simple word "dead." However, Wang Lung heard the baby cry
after it was born, and so he is somewhat suspicious. When he takes the baby's body and
sees two  "dark, bruised spots" on the neck of his daughter, he understands that his
wife, driven by desperation of the poverty and want that his family were facing,
actually killed her own daughter to spare her a life of starvation and slow, grinding
death. Wang Lung's response to this is a sign of the depth of his
despair:

"It
is better as it is," he muttered to himself, and for the first time was wholly filled
with despair.

O-Lan therefore
tries to conceal her murder of her child from Wang Lung by suggesting that her daughter
died in childbirth. 

What is the antiderivative of y=(sin2x)(cos2x)?

We'll evaluate the indefinite integral of the given
function to determine the antiderivative.

We'll re-write
the given function using the double angle identity:

y =
2sin 2x*cos 2x/2

y = sin
(4x)/2

`int` sin 2x*cos 2x dx = `int` sin (4x)
dx/2

Let 4x = t => 4dx = dt => dx =
dt/4

`int` sin (4x) dx/2 = `int` sin t
dt/8

`int` sin t dt/8 = - cos t/8 +
C

`int` sin 2x*cos 2x dx = - cos (4x)/8 +
C

The antiderivative of the given function is
the original function Y = - cos (4x)/8 + C.

What is a contra sedative in Fahrenheit 451?

A contrasedative, as the name implies, is something that
works to counteract the effects of a sedative.

In this
book, we see this sort of a drug used on Millie Montag.  Mildred took too many of her
sleeping pills that night.  A sleeping pill is, clearly, a sedative since it is meant to
cause a person to calm down and be able to sleep.  Since Millie took too many of those
pills, she needed something to counteract their effect.  This is what a contra-sedative
does and that is why she needed it.

Once again, a sedative
is something that calms you down and a contra-sedative counteracts that
effect.

Why did Steinbeck give more importance to the Cain and Abel than to the story of Adam and Eve in East of Eden

I think that Steinbeck is more fascinate with Cain and
Abel because of its implications on evil and the nature of being in the world. 
Certainly, the narrative of Adam and Eve is a part of this.  Yet, for Steinbeck, the
interesting element is how the children inherit the world given to them.  Cain and Abel
being the offspring of Adam and Eve represent how they interpret good and evil in the
world.  To this extent, Steinbeck is interested in how the nature of youth interprets
what has been given to them.  The development of evil, the lack of regard for another,
and what it means to be discarded are all implications that are reflective of the
descendants and inheritors of the world rather than with those who originated it.  For
this reason, Steinbeck ends up giving more importance to the idea of Cain and Abel and
where the role of evil stood with both of them than with their parents, Adam and Eve. 
As Steinbeck seeks to understand and transform the world from what it is to what it
should be, it becomes evident that the narrative of the children is critical in
accomplishing this end.

What is the angle between two vector forces if the magnitude of resultant force is minimum?

We know that the magnitude of the resultant force vector
could be determined using the dot product of the vectors
formula.

Let the vector forces be F1 and
F2

F=F1*F2 = |F1|*|F2|*cos
(F1,F2)

Since the magnitude of the resultant force vector
is minimum, then cos (F1,F2) = -1 => F=F1*F2 =
-|F1|*|F2|

But cos (F1,F2) = -1 if the angle between the
vector forces is of 180 degrees.

Therefore,
the magnitude of the resultant force vector is minimum if the angle between the given
force vectors is of 180 degrees.

What were the goals of the Marshall Plan?

The Marshall Plan had two interrelated goals.  The Plan
was intended to improve the economic situations of the countries of Western Europe and,
at the same time, to discourage them from embracing
communism.

After WWII, the countries of Europe were badly
damaged.  The US was worried that their damaged economies, and the poverty caused by
that damage, would cause those countries' citizens to be interested in becoming
communist.  The US was afraid that this would lead to the Soviet Union dominating all of
continental Europe.

Because of this fear (and because of a
sincere desire to help), the US gave huge amounts of aid to the European countries. 
This aid was meant to help reduce poverty and, thereby, the incentive that the Europeans
would have to turn to communism.

In child psychology and development, discuss characteristics of ethical research or describe how bias in child development research is minimized.

Ethics refers to the value judgments one places on
behaviour.  Ethical questions develop when a researcher claims another persons work as
his/her own, or when the data is distorted or falsified to cover up unwanted
conclusions.  In many cases involving studies that address issues of child development
or behaviour, the researcher own biases are sometimes ignored or not even recognized to
exisit.  The studies of child develpoment all start from the built in predujices of our
own childhood development.  We were all children, once. When one collects data, bias is
always present.  The larger the data sample, sometimes gives conclusions or insights
that have a wider application.  Peer review of ones data, and the conclusions drawn from
that data are one way of minimizing bias.  From my own experience as a parent and a
teacher, I have not seen very much that has been helpful in studies that claim to
project conclusions about child psychology and
development.

As a teacher, acceptance of the individual and
attempts to communicate with the individual are very much individualistic.  I have seen
teenagers who were written off, become wonderful investigators of the world around them,
and have been thrilled by the contributions they have made to the society around
them.

What were the dominant literary themes in the Elizabethan era?

The themes in the Elizabethan era were varied.  By looking
into the plays of William Shakespeare, we can see what interested these people.
 Shakespeare is the best example because he covered so many areas of human
interest.

In his history plays, Shakespeare explored power
and what makes a good ruler.  By delving into his own recent history, he could explore
 these ideas.  The question of how to be a good ruler has been asked by countless
generations.  Shakespeare shows us the good, the bad, and the
ugly.

What does it mean to be a human being was the subject
of his tragedies.  He explored love and jealousy, duty and revenge, power politics, and
many other ideas.

In his comedies, he poked fun at us.
 Love and our misunderstanding of it seems to be a favorite theme.  In these plays, the
women teach the man what love truly is.

Family
relationships, lost children, forgiveness, and reunification seem to dominate the late
plays.

So, it would appear that the things that concern us
today also concerned the people in the Elizabethan period.

In bearings how do we draw an angle O from A?For e.g to draw the bearing A from O we use the clockwise direction. What direction is adopted for...

Bearing is an angle measured from the meridian (the North
South line) to the line. In sketching bearing follow these
steps:

1. Draw the meridian. It should be a vertical line
on your paper. The upper end will be denoted as the North and the lower end is denoted
as the South.

2. Draw a line perpendicular to the meridian
line (horizontal line). We will call this as the East-West line with the right end
denoted as East and the left end denoted as the West. Notice we have formed a system
similar to the rectangular coordinate system. The 1st quadrant being the NE quadrant;
the 2nd quadrant will be the NW quadrant; the 3rd is the SW quadrant; and the 4th as the
SE quadrant.

3. Now draw a line starting from the origin
(the intersection of the meridian and the East-West line) towards any direction you want
and call this as line L. The angle between the meridian and L is the value of the
bearing, which is measured from the meridian to the L either clockwise or
counterclockwise direction depending on which quadrant the L is drawn. Note the value of
the angle cannot be greater than
90°

Illustration:

Suppose
line L1 is drawn in the 1st quadrant or the NE quadrant,
then the angle is measured from the meridian in clockwise direction to line
L1. If the value of the angle is 30° then the bearing of
line L1 is 30°NE or
N30°E. Now if another line L2
is drawn in the 2nd quadrant or the NW quadrant, then the angle is measured from the
meridian in counterclockwise direction to line L2 If the
value of the angle is 45° then the bearing of line L2 is
45°NW or N30°W. In cases where
the line is drawn in the 3rd or SW quadrant and 4th quadrant or SE quadrant, the angle
will be measured in clockwise and counterclockwise direction respectively from the
meridian to the line.

The bearing is used to describe
direction. It  becomes meaningless if expressed without the name of the quadrant
attached to it.

What if the value of the
angle is 0° or 90°?

When the value of the
angle is 0° then the direction of the line is either North
or South and when the value of the angle is 90° then the
direction of the line is either East or West. Here we will omit the value and label the
bearing as either due N, due S, due E or due
W.

Furthermore do not fuse Bearing and Whole
Circle Bearing in case you will encounter the latter someday. Whole Circle Bearing is
commonly known as Azimuth and is another different concept.

Based on Othello, I have to write a speech from the point of view of Cassio discussing and explaining the key incidents of the play.

What a fascinating assignment! Great idea! Well, to help
you I am going to give you some pointers that you need to think about in terms of
completing this assignment. First of all, you need to be aware that Cassio is a
character whose understanding of what is happening at various points in the play is not
complete. He, like so many other characters, is taken in and deceived by Iago, and is
manipulated by him for his own ends. Your account would need to pick up on this and
express suitable dismay and shock at how Cassio had been
used.

Secondly, remember too that if you are going to use
quotes, only pick quotes that Cassio himself used or quotes that he was able to hear
because he was present. Otherwise, you will need to report what Cassio has heard from
other characters.

Lastly, you might want to address some of
the questions that have vexed critics throughout the ages. For example, was Cassio
romantically interested in Desdemona? Was he just flirting, or was he just being
friendly? How would you give Cassio life? Is he a bit of a playboy, or is he a serious
man focused on his career and advancement?

Hopefully going
through these points and considering the issues that I have raised will help you in your
response. Good luck!

Do you think that the message of Animal Farm would come across effectively to someone who knows nothing about Soviet History?

First we have to decide what the message of Animal Farm
is. I believe the theme of the novel is that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts
absolutely.

While Stalin and Trotsky were the "poster
children" of this idea through their brutal treatment of their "comrades" after the
overthrow of Czar Nicholas (they became as corrupt as the government they overthrew),
the concept can be applied to most any government or authoritarian leader where the
power they have achieved goes to their heads and they become
corrupted.

A good example might be Sadam Hussein. In 1968
he was a leader of the coup that put the Ba'ath party in power. Eventually he became
president and slowly took control of most aspects of Iraqi society. His lust for power
and the riches that come with it had him living in a palace surrounded with opulence,
while most of his people languished and were brutally held down.

What evidence does Holmes use to solve the crime in The Hound of the Baskervilles?

One important piece of evidence in solving the mystery was
Sir Henry's missing boot. Holmes deduced that the reason a boot was purposefully taken
was to give Sir Henry's scent to the Hound of the Baskervilles. The new brown boot was
surreptitiously returned meaning that the new one wouldn't serve any purpose. Therefore,
it was the scent of Sir Henry from the old black boot that was needed, not one or two
random lone boots.

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(Holmes) "But, surely, you said that it was a new
brown boot?"
(Sir Henry) "So it was, sir. And now it's an old black
one."

Another piece of
evidence was the letter from Laura Lyons asking Sir Charles Baskerville to meet her at
night on the desolate moor. She had asked the letter be burned, but Barrymore had read
the remaining unburned bits anyway. Laura hadn't gone to meet Sir Charles. Why not?
Holmes deduced that she never meant to go, that she was part of a plot by the murderer
to get Baskerville alone.

These and other points of evidence tell
Holmes, in one of Doyle's more complex plots, that Stapleton was the murderer. The
evening Holmes spent in the Baskerville manor revealed Stapleton's motive: he was the
secret child of Charles Basekrville's younger brother and intended to remove his
relative then claim the Baskerville inheritance for himself. Stapleton used Henry old
black boot to train a Mastiff dog to Sir Henry's scent, starved the dog, then released
it, first, against the hapless Sir Charles, then again against Sir Henry, who was
happily saved by Holmes.

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(Holmes) "I was prepared for a hound, but not for
such a creature as this."

(Sir Henry) "You have saved my
life."

Why is Pakistan an agricultural countrywith reference to edaphic and climatic factors

Pakistan is the world’s 47th economy and agriculture make
up around twenty percent of total GDP. Agriculture is a
main driver of the Pakistani economy, and helps to create a great number of jobs. Arable
land is one of the nation’s principal natural resources, in addition to an extensive
irrigation system that allows Pakistan to produce and export such crops as rice, wheat,
barley, cotton, sugarcane, chickpeas and cotton. These crops are mostly grown in the
fertile Punjab and Sindh areas.  In addition to these crops Pakistan‘s agricultural
economy also consists of livestock. Specifically, Pakistan produces extensive cattle,
buffalo, sheep and goats. However rice is the most important part of Pakistan’s
agricultural system. Pakistan is the world’s fourth largest
rice producer. All these factors help to contribute to the
idea that Pakistan is an agricultural country.

What comments does Crane make about war throughout The Red Badge of Courage?

Quite clearly, in a novel that is all about war and one
man's response to it in a number of different situations, you can expect to find a
number of different quotes concerning war that you could comment upon. I will offer the
following two quotes, and hopefully this will give you an example of what you are after
so that you can return to the novel and find more. Consider the following quote from
Chapter Five:

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The men dropped here and there like bundles. The
captain of the youth's company had been killed in an early part of the action. His body
lay stretched out in the position of a tired man resting, but upon his face there was an
astonished and sorrowful look, as if he thought some friend had done him an ill turn.
The babbling man was grazed by a shot that made the blood stream widely down his face.
He clapped both hand to his head. "Oh!" he said, and ran. Another grunted suddenly as if
he had been struck by a club in the stomach. He sat down and gazed ruefully. In his eyes
there was mute, indefinite reproach. Farther up the line a man, standing behind a tree,
had had his knee joint splintered by a ball. Immediately he had dropped his rifle and
gripped the tree with both arms. And there he remained, clinging desperately and crying
for assistance that he might withdraw his hold upon the
tree.

Note the response of
the soldiers to being in war and to the death and violence that accompany it. This quote
makes it incredibly clear that there is nothing brave and exciting about being involved
in a war. Death, whenever and wherever we meet it, is depicted as a force that returns
us to the "bundles" or bags of bones that we essentially are. There is no glory in
war.

Consider this quote from Chapter 20, which again
supports the idea of war being not a glorious event like Henry thinks it
is:

Once the
men who headed the wild procession turned and came pushing back against their comrades,
screaming that they were being fired upon from points which they had considered to be
toward their own lines. At this cry a hysterical fear and dismay beset the troops. A
soldier, who heretofore had been ambitious to make the regiment into a wise little band
that would proceed calmly amid the huge-appearing difficulties, suddenly sank down and
buried his face in his arms with an air of bowing to a
doom.

Note what characterises
the soldiers. As they are attacked, chaos breaks out. There is no order or control.
Soldiers are shown to be "screaming" and overwhelmed by a "hysterical fear and dismay."
Ironicaly, it is the soldier who had high hopes of showing the order and control of his
regiment who is one of the first to die, as if he were "bowing to a doom." The chaos
that overtakes the soldiers appears to be inevitable and unavoidable. War is essentially
depicted as an event where anarchy rules and where there is no
order.

If you were directing Macbeth, how would you have Macbeth play Act I scene 3?

This is a very important scene in the play as it is the
first scene in which we meet Macbeth and it is also the scene in which the witches
deliver their prophecies to Macbeth that do so much to shape the rest of the play. Key
elements include the way in which Macbeth responds differently to the prophecies than
does Banquo, and then the way in which Macbeth is so rapt with what has happened that he
engages in soliloques discussing his reaction to the prophecies in front of his friends
and soldiers.

Any actor playing Macbeth has to focus a lot
on Macbeth's response to the prophecies. Note what Banquo says to him after he has heard
the glorious future that the witches prophesy for
him:

Good Sir,
why do you start, and seem to fear

Things that do sound so
fair?

Clearly then, while
responding to the prophecy of the witches, Macbeth must show evidence of fear on his
face, which indicates he had already contemplated making a bid for the crown. This would
shape his performance in the scene, as Banquo drawing attention to this might heighten
his guilt or the sense of being found out. When Macbeth addresses the witches after they
deliver Banquo's prophecy, it is likely that he will be desperate as he calls for them
to stay and not leave. His desire to speak with them indicates an agitation of mind that
would need to be conveyed.

One of the more interesting
elements of this scene is the way in which Macbeth internally debates what he should do
about the prophecy. This is a key part of the scene for an actor to focus on, and his
performance must indicate the tension within Macbeth as he debates his position with
such lines as:

readability="7">

This supernatural
soliciting

Cannot be ill; cannot be
good...

Being disturbed by
Banquo might again produce a somewhat guilty response as Macbeth tries to cover up his
contemplation of murder.

What does Steinbeck imply is the cause and what are the results in chapter 14?The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

Chapter 14 of The Grapes of Wrath
expresses in almost Biblical tones the overarching theme of this great novel:  Men when
unified have strength and dignity, for there is a spiritual neccessity to work.  This
unification of the workers comes as a result of the dispossession of the farmers in
Oklahoma and the Midwest.  With this disenfranchisement of the farmers, there is a
hunger of the body and of the spirit.  Muscles ache to work, and spirits ache to have a
house is the cause.

This expository chapter clearly sets
forth Steinbeck's socialist perspective.  For, he writes of "the great owners" who know
nothing of a change, having lost touch with the common man in their wealth.  In their
alienation, these "Okies" find comfort and some safety with others. And in their unity
there is strength:

readability="15">

The danger is here, for two men are not as
lonely and perplexed as one.  And from this first "we" there grows a still more
dangerous thing....results, if you could know that Paine, Marx, Jefferson, Lenin, were
results, not causes, you might
survive. 

The leaders who
have emerged in various times in history were the result of the discontent of people
that brought about change.  The leaders that Steinbeck mentions emerged as a result of a
cry for change and the need for someone to manage the methods for the
change.

This chapter exemplifies what R. Moore mentions in
his essay, " The Grapes of Wrath:  Biblical Symbolism in
the Grapes of Wrath" as a messanic
message: 

readability="5">

....[it] is an emphatic reminder of the
individual's place in the scheme of
humanity.

On the theme of loneliness in Of Mice and Men, are there any techniques or language features that Steinbeck uses to convey this theme?

I think that analysis of certain characters and moments
will help establish Steinbeck's techniques to convey loneliness in his work.  For
example, the moment when Candy's dog is about to be shot reflects a certain amount of
loneliness in both Candy and the men around him. Steinbeck uses Whit's inane description
of a magazine article written by a former worker at the ranch as a sort of comic relief
that is to operate as the cover for "the silence" that is experienced.  This "silence"
that falls on the room in waiting for the shot to kill Candy's dog helps to convey a
sense of loneliness that exists in the hearts of Candy as well as all of the men in
bunkhouse.  Steinbeck uses this to bring out how there is a fundamental misery that has
settled in all of these men who move from ranch to ranch, with a pittance for pay, and a
lack of emotional grounding to their sense of being in the world.  Another moment where
style helps to bring out the theme of loneliness would be the description of Crooks'
stable.  There is a certain order, a controlled element, that underscores his
fundamental misery.  The only thing that he can do is to keep his place "tidy" and
"neat" for Crooks will never receive anything in way of social interaction or a sense of
community due to race and class barriers.  Steinbeck's description of the neatness and
sense of order in Crooks' world is meant to underscore his fundamental lack of human
connection.  The perfectly designed interior of his living condition is one where there
is almost a compensation for a lack of human emotion and human interaction.  This same
penchant for order and neatness is seen when Steinbeck first describes the bunkhouse,
where economy and a sense of sparseness helps to bring out the lack of human emotion and
connection present on the ranch.

How does the tension between outward conformity and inward questioning contribute to the work Billy Budd?

In the novella Billy Budd, Melville
explores the tension created by one's duty to follow the law and one's compassion for an
individual who has broken the law.  The character that most represents this dilemma is
Captain Vere.  Captain Vere realizes the importance of enforcing the law.  He fears
mutiny and chaos, and knows that he must enforce the law even if it means the hanging of
a good man.  Billy Budd reacted violently to the evil Claggart, and killed him.  For
that, Billy Budd must hang.  Even though there are mitigating circumstances, the fact
remains that Billy Budd is guilty of murder.   

This is the
conclusion that Captain Vere reaches.  Regardless of his inward sympathy for the angelic
Billy Budd and his disdain for Claggart, Captain Vere must outwardly conform to the
laws that he has established on the ship.  This is not an easy task for the Captain
who cares for Billy like a son, and who, in turn, is loved by
Billy. 

Captain Vere is convinced that he makes the right
decision.  The reader, though, questions his inflexible application of laws and
rules.  Is justice the equal application of the law? Or, do individual cases merit a
more subjective verdict?  This dilemma is one we still struggle
with.   

I am trying to download a chapter summary for America: Pathway to the Present. I cannot find the chapter outline. What am I doing wrong?

What you need to do is, after signing into your account,
click on the "Literature" tab on the main page. Once in the "Literature" section, type
in the title of the book, America: Pathway to the Present and hit
'enter'. The first page that will come up is the 'study guide' section for the novel. On
the left hand side you will see breakdowns of each and every chapter (chapters one
through twenty seven). Click on the chapter to which you need a summary
to.

Also, on the main 'study guide' page (about halfway
down) you will see the bold-faced title "Summary and Analysis". This provides you with a
complete summary of the book without going into specific
chapters.

Once you find the summary that you need, you can
simply choose to print the page as is or choose a pdf version. Each of these options is
seen at the top of any given page near the right hand corner of the page's
text.

To get you started, I have provided the link below to
get you to the right place from here. The directions above are for you when first
entering the site and looking up summaries on different texts or
subjects.

summary of our causirina tree poem

Toru Dutt, one of the Indian romantics, shared space with
Derozio, Sarojini Naidu, Aurobindo and Tagore. During her stay in London, she came in
contact with literary figures like Grosse. Her poetry is ccharacterized by a master of
language and like other Anglo-Indian writers preffered to write about her surroundings,
past experiences, Indian legends and myths.

'Out Casuarina
Tree' is a poem in which she talks about the memories of her childhood in context to the
casurina tree. she gave a pictoral discription of the casurina tree, stands tall and
strong with huge branches on her home ground in Calcutta. A creep that binds the tree
which is full of coloured flowers, gave it an appearance of a scarf hung arroun the
tree. She says,

''the giant-wears the scarf, and flowers
are hung.''

Toru Dutt recalls the melodious song sung by
the Nightingale and the kokilas while a baboon sat on the branch watching sunset as its
young ones played on the bough. Water-lilies spring arround the tree and the tree looks
as if covered by snow. she justifies her love with the casurina tree which is not
because of its devine awesome beauty. But her attachment (root) springs from the
memories of her childhood , the moments shared in the proximity of her loved ones
especially her friends around the tree. Nostalgia is responsible for her craving for the
tree, as she wrote,

''o sweeet compassion, loved with love
intense,for your sake shall the tree be ever dear''

The
impression that the tree has made on her is so strong and deep that she is always
mentally connected with it. Even when she stayed in France or Italy her mind thought of
the casurina tree and seemed to hear the rusting of the leaves in the murmering of the
waves of the sea. She peened the love for her
motherland.

The poem is an insight into the exotic beauty
of nature and heartfelt human emotions . 'Our Casurina Tree' contains a masterly
management of intricate rhyme scheme, enchanting description of nature and a sad eligent
tone. it is a poem in which Dutts poetic cretivity is seen at its best. she eligently
assimilates her sentimental attachment with the scenic beauty of nature. The use of the
similies like 'like a huge python, winding round and round' makes the poem attractive.
The images from nature such as 'crimson flowers', 'baboon', 'water lilies' etc are staed
with force and clarity. The allegorical figures that bring the poem to a conclusion of
love and oblivion are proceeded by the quotation from Wordworth. The poem by Toru Dutt
is is an expression of intense pain on the loss of her loved ones. As is stated by
Shelly,

''Our sweetest songs are those hat tell of sades
thoughts.''

Toru Dutt echoes the sentiments of many other
poets in her dezire to immortalise the tree. She wishes to do so as Shakespeare does in
his sonnets. Here however is a tree and not a human being. Toru does not desire any
moral lesson from the tree, nor is she writting a passionate love poem. Yet, it is a
very moving poem, perhaps because it unites the theme of love with that of the beauty of
nature in an  immensely effective way.

Therefore, she says
that ,

''They form, O tree, as in my happy
prime

I save thee in my own loved native
lime.''

This shows the pathos, as she says that she waited
to join her folks (who are no more) who were dearer to her more than her
life.

I need help writing a hook for my essay, the topic is "dont start something you arent willing to finish" i wrote about joining a softball team.i...

Keep in mind that a hook is like a "shock jock" on shock
radio. You want to grab the reader's attention and make them want to look beyond the
first sentence, if not, first few words of your
writing.

With this in mind, think about the worse thing
that could happen if you gave up and quit the team. What are some gripping cliches or
sayings you've heard. Be creative and grab your reader's
attention.

As a true teacher, I do not want to do your
homework for you, but help you be creative. So, let me give you an example. I will start
with a hook about popularity in
school:

HOOK#1: You could lose
your future possibilities for wealth, health, and true friendships by doing foolish
things now to impress people who really do not like
you.

Rest of paper migh say:
Susan could not resist the possibility of becoming cool with the Ashley's and her
friends. So she went ahead and stole the . . . From behind bars, Susan wept that she
would never attend her senior prom, graduate with her classmates, or even
...

HOOK#2: Love is never
true, unless accompanied by sacrifice.

Rest
of paper might say: instead of answering the question, Tom new Mary
needed the scholarship more. He gave the wrong answer, knowing Mary new the correct
answer. When Mr. Phillips turned to Mary with the question. She excitedly answered
correctly and secured a 4-year college scholarship to
Harvard.....

HOOK#3: Parents
hate everything about their children...

Rest
of paper might say:  when their behavior includes self inflicted wounds
to their person, future, and family. Of course, parents will always love their person
and being of their child, but may hate their
behavior....

Hope this helps you-- be creative, over the
top, but appropriate for your topic and a school audience. Godspeed to
you!

What is the point of the imagery used were she cut off her nose and legs and offered them up in Barbie Doll?

Piercy's point in making the images of the doll cut
herself and offer them reflects the sacrifices that women make in order to conform to a
male dictated standard of beauty.  The theme of obedience to this order is a very strong
theme in the poem.  It is one that compels the girl to sacrifice everything in order to
be accepted.  The description offered in Piercy's poem is one where women are expected
to acquiesce to everything that the male structured vision of social order desires.  If
this includes sacrificing physical or artistic talents, so be it.  If this includes
doing whatever to "make" the girl beautiful by a social standard dictated by men, so be
it.  This includes the cutting of her nose and the sacrifice of her body.  The imagery
helps to bring out the idea that what happens to women in such a social order is
savage.  It helps to show that what women might dismiss as just "normal" is actually
bizarre and horrific, a practice that demeans the woman, making it easier for them to be
discarded later on by that social order.  It also helps to enhance the idea that
obedience to such a system can only result in the silencing of women.  To this end, the
imagery is meant to spark a reaction of dissent and resistance.

What were the difficulties in developing the idea for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial?

There were some fundamental difficulties in selecting an
artist and design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.  The most structural challenge
resided with the war, itself.  The Vietnam War was one of the most complex wars in
American History.  It did not result in a clear victory, infact quite the opposite.  It
provoked intense social discord at the time, and America had never seen such a soldier
backlash as a result.  This controversy made creating a memorial difficult.  How does
one create a monument to something that means so many different things to do many
different people?  Maya Ying Lin's approach mirrored this controversy because her design
sought to create the idea of an "open wound" and from this wound, rising from the
ground, the names of the dead emerged.  This design was not well received by
traditionalists who wanted a more conventional approach to honoring soldiers.  Some
called it "a black gash" and "nihilistic."  While this was probably Lin's purpose in
design, it was not seen as positive at the time. Additionally, her Asian ancestry was
also used as a point of contention by those who did not want to see her design
selected.  The process of selecting an artist and design for the memorial was
complicated and difficult because the exact aim and purpose was not clearly defined. 
Yet, after Lin's design was chosen and the wall was built, it became to be seen as
"something of a shrine" where healing can actually take place and, in some cases,
begin.

Show how Sophocles uses the Chorus to express the thematic effectiveness of Oedipus Rex.

The fact that the Chorus is not endowed with any profound
life altering messages that immediately strike of moral clarity reflects how challenging
Oedipus' plight is in finding resolution.  Sophocles uses the Chorus of Theban Elders to
speak to the challenges in Oedipus.  In one of the clearest displays of Ancient tragedy,
there is little clear in Oedipus' tale.  He does wrong, but what he does is fairly human
in allowing hubris to dictate his actions.  In believing he can outpace his fate,
Oedipus is "only human."  It is here where Sophocles uses the Chorus, who do not
necessarily speak of anything that is outside the action being displayed.  The Chorus
regrets Oedipus' condition and fall from grace in Act IV, and reminds all that the
judgment of the life of a man is a complex issue at the end of the play.  I think that
in not giving the Chorus some profound message to speak about consciousness, Sophocles
might be suggesting that the challenges present in the play are those that extend to the
realm of being human, no more and no less.  The Chorus, like the audience, is torn
between their affinity for a good ruler as Oedipus is and the loyalty towards the Gods. 
In seeing this predicament play itself out, the Chorus is akin to the audience, in that
we can only see ourselves in such a horrible predicament.  We really lack clear judgment
and definitive sides because while we watch Oedipus endure something that no one would
wish on their own enemy, there is a hidden statement that this is something that had we
been placed in that situation would lack the clarity on how to exactly act.  It is here
where the Chorus is situation and where Sophocles places them in trying to increase the
effectiveness of the drama.