Very detailed summaries of Shakepeare’s
Macbeth can be found at the links below, but here is a brief
overview of the plot of the play:
- As the play
opens, fighting has been taking place between forces loyal to Duncan, the king of
Scotland, and some Scottish rebels. Macbeth and Banquo, followers of Duncan, have been
instrumental in defeating the rebels. Both men, however, are given attractive prophecies
by three witches, who tell Macbeth that he will become king of Scotland, even as they
tell Banquo that the latter’s sons will be kings. - When
Duncan visits Macbeth’s castle, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth’s wife, urges her husband to kill
Duncan and become king himself in order to make the prophecy come true. Macbeth
hesitates at first but then does indeed kill the king while the latter is sleeping,
making it seem as if the king’s servants have done the deed. The king’s sons, Malcolm
and Donalbain, suspect foul play and flee the castle, leading them to become prime
suspects in their father’s death. Macbeth thus becomes
king. - Although he is now king, Macbeth feels threatened
by the witches’ prophecy that Banquo’s sons will be kings. Macbeth thus orders the
secret assassination of Banquo and Banquo’s son, Fleance. Banquo is indeed killed, but
Fleance manages to escape. Shortly afterward, when Macbeth thinks he sees the ghost of
Banquo at a banquet Macbeth is hosting, his mind begins to unravel. Seeking reassurance
from the witches, Macbeth is told that he cannot be harmed by any man born of woman.
They also tell him that his power is secure as long as Birnam forest does not come to
the castle of Dunsinane. These words lead Macbeth to think that he is
invincible.
- When Macbeth learns that
an aristocrat named Macduff has become a follower of Malcolm (now in England, preparing
to invade Scotland), Macbeth orders the brutal killing of Macduff’s family. As Malcolm
and his army make their way toward Macbeth’s castle, Macbeth is an increasingly lonely
and desperate figure. His wife has gone crazy, and he realizes that Malcolm’s army is
approaching. He knows, however, that the witches have told him that his power is secure
as long as Birnam forest does not come to the castle of Dunsinane. Thus, when he sees
that Malcolm’s men have cut branches from the forest to hide themselves as they advance,
Macbeth feels increasingly panicked. Ultimately, Macbeth is killed by Malcolm, whose
birth was not a normal delivery.The play ends with Malcolm expressing gratitude to his
followers and anticipating his own coronation as
king:
So thanks to all at once and to each
one,
Whom we invite to see us crowned at
Scone.
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