Outline the form and nature of genetic profiling and laws against it.

Genetic information broadly refers to the results of tests
performed to detect genotypes, mutations, or chromosomal changes. With advances in
science in technology the genomes responsible for many ailments have been discovered.
People can use information from genetic tests to determine whether they are likely to be
affected by certain ailments that are known to be transmitted due to the presence or
absence of certain genetic traits. Based on the information people can adopt lifestyle
changes or the use of medicines which may reduce the severity of ailments or prevent
them altogether.

Genetic information is very personal
information and to prevent discrimination based on it a law called the Genetic
Information Non-discrimination Act was passed in 2008. This act is meant to save people
from having to face discrimination at work and in obtaining medical insurance based on
their genetic information.

Medical insurance providers
cannot access the genetic information of applicants to identify the chances of their
person acquiring certain ailments and charge different premiums. Also, employers cannot
discriminate against their employees in any way if they gain access to their genetic
information.