Thursday, March 20, 2014

How is Alexander Pope's "Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot" a typical example of "Augustan" satire?

In a brief but helpful essay on “The Augustans” (published
in Webster’s New World Companion to English and American
Literature
, edited by Arthur Pollard [New York: Popular Library, 1976]), A.
W. Bower outlines a number of characteristics of the “Augustan” verse written in the
closing years of the seventeenth century and the early years of the eighteenth.  A
number of these traits appear in Alexander Pope’s “Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot,” including
the following:


  • an emphasis on the
    virtues of “reason”
    (Bower 22): This trait is already implied by the
    implied condemnation of passion in lines
    5-6:

readability="11">

Fire in each eye, and papers in each
hand,


They rave, recite, and madden round the
land.



  • a
    tendency to see England as a “counterpart of the Roman state under the Emperor Augustus”
    (Bower 21): This trait is apparent, for instance, in Pope’s allusions to
    Roman culture and myths, such as the reference to the “Dog Star” in line 3 or the
    reference to a “chariot” in line
    10.


In addition, the poem is an
example of Augustan satire for the following reasons as
well:


  • its use of invented names
    (such as “Cornus” in line 25 or “Pitholeon” in line
    51).

  • its use of couplets and a generally
    iambic meter
    (throughout).

  • a
    professed commitment to virtue
    (as when the speaker describes himself as
    a person “Who can’t be silent, and who will not lie” [line
    34]).

  • a professed commitment to urbane
    decorum
    (as when the speaker, presented with examples of bad poetry, says
    “To laugh were want of goodness and of grace”
    [35]).

  • a tendency to echo Roman writers,
    particularly Horace
    (as in line
    40).

  • a tendency to refer to the names and
    actions of actual persons
    (such as the reference to “Curll” in line 53
    and the reference to “Lintot” in line
    61).

  • allusions to classical literature in
    general
    (as in the reference to King Midas in line 69).

  • a tendency to mock
    contemporary political personalities
    (as in the allusions to King George
    II, Queen Caroline, and one of their ministers in lines
    71-72).

These and various other traits help to
make Pope’s poem a typical example of Augustan satire.

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