Explain the motivations and values of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Who was its founder?

Originating in England during the 1880s,
the Arts and Crafts Movement was a major worldwide design
movement until the beginning of World War II. Probably the most well known character of
the movement was William Morris (1834-1896), an artist and
writer who adhered to the writings of John Ruskin. It developed as "a reaction against
the impoverished state of the decorative arts" and the production values of the period.
Traditional craftsmanship, with an emphasis on hand-crafted materials, was a major
focus. The movement was decidedly anti-industrial, with simplistic usage of past forms
considered essential. The movement included many genres, including architecture,
fabrics, tiles, ceramics, furniture, art, interior design and metalwork. Many of the
early arts and crafts organizations which began in England were based on medieval guilds
of the past, and many apprentices were employed to learn the trade. The American Arts
and Crafts Movement followed England's lead, attempting to "reinterpret" the British
movement, and it became closely associated with the new Progressivism political
movement.