What does Obierika in Things Fall Apart think about the disposal of twins?

The answer to your question can be found in Chapter 13 of
this excellent novel, after Okonkwo has been banished and Obierika is sitting down and
thinking about his friend's punishment. It is clear that he feels somewhat ambivalent
about the kind of punishment that people face when they committed a crime either in
ignorance or inadvertently. The situation reminds him of his twin children that he had
thrown away. Note what he says about them:

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Why should a man suffer so greviously for an
offence he had committed inadvertently? But although he thought for a long time he found
no answer. He was merely led into greater complexities. He remembered his wife's twin
children, whom he had thrown away. What crime had they committed? The Earth had decreed
that they were an offence on the land and must be
destroyed.

Clearly, Obierika
questions such "justice" and punishment when the people involved have no responsibility
or choice over the way that they offend Earth. Just as Okonkwo killed by accident, so
his twin children had no other option but to be born as twins, yet both were punished
indiscriminately. Obierika's questioning shows how unsatisfactory he finds this
arrangement.

Why does Lee refer to the girl only as ‘she’ ? Discuss the reasons why the author does this.

Given that you do not identify the text to which you are
referring, I will answer your question based upon other reasons as to why authors
typically use only pronouns to identify a character.

Many
times, authors choose not to name a character because it allows a reader to more easily
identify with a character who remains unnamed given the reader may identify that
character with their own personal experience. This insures, or tries to insure, that the
reader becomes engaged and active during their
reading.

Other times, the author may have sexist tendencies
which errupt within their writings. A female character may not seem important enough to
name. Therefore, the author simply refers to her as "she". Critically one can look at
feminist criticisms in regards to what authors typically provide this type of nameless
character.

For example, only one character in John
Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men remains nameless: Curley's wife. This
character is, throughout the novel, referred to only as Curley's wife. Much criticism
has been written regarding Steinbeck's omittance of her name. Overall, many critics
simply believe that a women was not as important as a man and, therefore, she did not
qualify having a name. Others have stated that her undefined life qualified the absence
of a name.

It is important to recognize the reasoning
behind the naming of a character, or lack of the naming of a character. Lack of identity
is a main theme in many of literature's great texts. So, as another reason behind the
use of a pronoun as a name could be the character's lack of identity as a true, concrete
character. Some characters are defined as the text draws out, some remain undefined
throughout an entire novel. Typically, is simply depends upon the characterization of
the character as well.

The reference link following the
answer is to give you a more in-depth understanding of a character without a name while
referring to Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.

How does Tom succeed in getting back into his apartment?Jack Finney's "Contents of the Dead Man's Pocket"

It is Tom's exactitude which allows him to reenter the
window of his eleventh floor apartment after rashly stepping out on the building's ledge
in order to retrieve the yellow sheet of paper on which he has made times-taking
calculations.  For, he knows that he has but one chance: He calculates against bringing
his arm over his head, as a blow from such a position would not have enough force, and
it would be so awkward that he would surely fall. Tom realizes that he must drive a blow
from his shoulder, but he does not know if his fist will be able to break the glass. 
So, he pauses, contemplating his plan of action.  Then, he knows that he must act;
thinking of his beloved wife Clare, he draws back just a little with his fist so tight
that his fingers ache.  With all his power, he burst through the window thinking of
Claire:

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...with every last scrap of strength he could
bring to bear, he shot his arm forward toward the glass, and he said,
"Clare!"

He heard the sound, felt the
blow, felt himself falling forward, and his hand closed on the living-room curtains, the
shards and fragments of glass showering onto the
floor.

As Tom breaks off the
remaining wedges of glass from the window frame, he enters the room, "grinning in
triumph."

Compare and contrast Sir Philip Sidney's Sonnet 39 from Astrophil and Stella to Samuel Daniel's Sonnet 45 from Delia.

Sir Philip Sidney was one of the earliest sonneteers,
posthumous publication of his sonnets in 1591 predating Spenser's (1595), Daniel's
(1592), and Shakespeare's (1609) sonnets). He used a variety of rhyme schemes, and
Sonnet 39 is an example of this.

Sonnet 39, in iambic pentameter, has
three quatrains and an ending couplet. The structure is what came to be called the
Shakespearean, or English, sonnet form. The rhyme scheme is abab abab cdcd ee. Since the
first and second quatrains repeat, it might be argued that the form is actually
Petrarchan, with an octave abababab and a sestet cdcdee, though it differs from
Petrarch's rhyme scheme abbaabba with variations in the sestet, excluding couplets,
e.g., cdecde, etc.

There are two "turns" of thought, or voltas, within
the subject of the sonnet. The first is line 5 where the thought turns from a
supplication address to "sleep," which is personified through an apostrophe, "Come
sleep, oh sleep," to the poetic speaker's initiation of his petition to sleep: "With
shield of proof shield me from out ... / those fierce darts."  The second is line 9
where the speaker, Astrophil, offers up as sacrifice his "sweetest bed / ... / as being
[sleep's] by right."

The resolution of the sonnet, which comes in the
form of an explantion for the petition, is in the
couplet:

Move
not thy heavy Grace, thou shalt in me
Livelier than elsewhere Stella’s image
see.

The couplet reveals that
Astrophil is petitioning sleep's shield because he cannot relinquish Stella's image,
thus intimating that Stella has relinquished him. Therefore, the subject of the sonnet
is rejected love that Astrophil seeks to soothe with sleep. The implied metaphor driving
the sonnet is the comparison of sleep to a deity to whom petitions and sacrifices may be
made in return for kind blessings; Astrophil assumes that seeing Stella's image will be
as meaningful to the god of sleep as it is to him:

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thou shalt in me
Livelier than
elsewhere Stella’s image
see.

Similarly, Samuel
Daniel's Sonnet XLV, in iambic pentameter, has three quatrains followed by an ending
couplet in the Shakespearean form. The rhyme scheme is also what came to be know as a
Shakespearean ababa cdcd efef gg. There are two voltas within the subject. As in
Sidney's, the first is line 5 where the thought turns from "Care-charmer Sleep," a
personification of sleep, to the "day" in which there is "time enough to mourn." The
second is line 9 where the thought turns from day to "dreams, the images of
day-desires."

The resolution to the problem occurs in the couplet
where the poetic speaker extends his desire for sleep to include eternal sleep from
which he never awakens:

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Still let me sleep, embracing clouds in
vain,
And never wake to feel the day's
disdain.

The subject that has
prompted the desire expressed in the couplet is that of scorned, or rejected, love: "Let
waking eyes suffice to wail their scorn." This resolution is foreshadowed in lines 2 and
3 where Sleep is called the "Brother of Death":

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Brother to Death, in silent darkness
born,
Relieve my
languish,

Sleep, death and
dreams are all personified. The metaphor driving the sonnet is the comparison of sleep
to death that opens the sonnet, "Brother to Death," and closes it in the couplet: "And
never wake."

In what ways is General Gage a sympathetic character towards the Americans in David Hackett Fischer's Paul Revere's Ride?

According to David Hackett Fischer in his book,
Paul Revere's Ride, the primary characters in this historical
account are Paul Revere, a merchant and organizer of the "Bostonian resistance," and
Lieutenant-General Thomas Gage, a high-ranking British officer. While Gage may
originally have tried to keep peace in the New England colonies as long as possible,
according to Fischer, Gage was not an overly sympathetic figure in the Boston area. Over
time he would come to hate the Bostonians in his dealing with them—in his capacity of
the British military commander, and they would "return the
favor."

Gage saw himself very differently than the
colonists did. He believed he was "liberal and fair-minded." He was married to an
American. When first assigned to the Boston region, he genuinely admired the
Americans.

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Unlike many other British officers, Gage did not
pursue women, gamble, or drink to excess. Instead, he focused his energies on having the
best regiment...

And he was
known among his friends as a man of "fair play."

However,
Fischer describes Gage as a haughty man with aristocratic manners, which by itself would
have alienated him from common colonial folk. Fischer reports that Gage was a snob and
poorly informed—Gage had no real appreciation for how much the colonists resented
England's presence: in essence he under-estimated them. Gage was also mistaken in his
perceptions that the colonists were poorly organized and
weak.

Besides riding to warn of the approach of the
British, Revere was the consummate organizer. These different colonial "civilian"
organizations that Gage believed were inept, were actually guided by Revere's genius for
handling details, and they were quite adept. And even while Gage
may have been slow to recognize the strength and determination of
the colonists, those he answered to in London felt the colonists were nothing more than
an annoyance—"rabble" to be suppressed by force with Gage "moving quickly and decisively
to detain and disarm their leaders."

The Americans were
careful not to act as the aggressors against the British, waiting instead for the enemy
to make the first move. Gage was just as cautious, but was still being pressured by his
superiors. Things came to a head at Lexington, though no one is sure who "fired the
first shot."

Gage commanded the British leaders and troops
beneath him as best as he was able, though the military leaders below him made many
costly mistakes. Gage is presented as a good soldier, dedicated to the task at
hand. Gage may have been different from other British leaders at the start—having some
sympathies for other British countrymen who had settled in New England—but soon he
detested them and foolishly under-estimated them as unworthy
adversaries.

Who were muckrackers, and what contributions did they make?

Muckrakers were journalists of the Progressive Era (late
19th early 20th century) who wrote articles in major magazines exposing corruption in
business, government, even the stock market. They were given the name "muckraker" by
Theodore Roosevelt from John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress in which
Bunyan described a man who could only look downward with a muckrake in his hands. A
muckrake is a rake used to clean muck--a combination of straw and excrement--from horse
stables. Theodore Roosevelt said of them

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the muckrakers are indispensable to . . .
society, but only if they know when to stop raking the
muck.

Among the more notable
muckrakers:

• Jacob Riis who wrote How
  the Other Half Lives, a description of the horrible living conditions in New
  York City, particularly those areas occupied by
  immigrants.


• Ida Mae Tarbell wrote A History of
  the Standard Oil Company. It was not a true "history" but rather a polemic of
  the ruthless business practices of John D.
  Rockefeller.


• Henry Demarest Lloyd: Wealth
  against Commonwealth, a description of large corporate concerns who answered
  to no one and even corrupted governments when it suited their
  purposes.


• Upson Sinclair: The Jungle
  which was written as a Socialist Manifesto, but is more famous for describing the
  squalid conditions in Chicago's meat packing industry. Sinclair once said of the
  book,

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I aimed for the nation's heart, but I hit it in
the stomach.

Most muckrakers
were better at pointing out problems rather than suggesting solutions; however
The Jungle did lead to major reform. Theodore Roosevelt read the
book, and sent inspectors to meat packing plants to see if the conditions described in
the book were true. It turns out they were. The inspectors
wrote:

We saw
meat shoveled from filthy wooden floors, piled on tables rarely washed, pushed from room
to room in rotten box carts, in all of which processes it was in the way of gathering
dirt, splinters, floor filth, and the expectoration of tuberculous and other diseased
workers

As a result, Congress
passed the Meat Inspection Act and the pure food and drug act.

Why did Willy choose the life of a salesman anyway, given that Dave is not the only successful man he had been exposed to?in Death of a Salesman

The answer to your question may come from two sources.
First, Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman was written during a
time, namely the early 1940's, in which the ideal of getting rich quick and the idea of
the American Dream were acquiring strength. As we know, these are the very ideals that
Willy Loman embraces: Willy's idea of the American Dream is based on quick success, easy
money, and a ready-set reputation once we become "well-liked." Miller infuses the meme
of the time with his main character to illustrate the ideals of the
time.

The second source of your answer is in the play
itself. Your question is correct in stating that Dave Singleman is not the only
successful man Willy knows. However, he is still the one who leaves the bigger mark upon
Willy because Willy placed a lot of importance on popularity. Surely, he clearly has
seen the success of his brother, of Charley and Bernard, and maybe even the success of
fellow salesmen. Yet, Willy finds Dave Singleman to be above standard when he learns how
Singleman's funeral was big, noteworthy, and that a huge amount of salesmen attend the
funeral to pay their last respects. To Willy this was the ultimate illustration of
success.

Moreover, Willy's idea of true happiness is to
have plenty of friends, plenty of money, plenty of fame, and plenty of power. Dave
Singleman represents all of those things. Willy's brother may have become rich, but he
is not famous. Charley and Bernard succeeded only to the point of a content middle-class
life: That is not enough for Willy. He wants it all. Unfortunately, like Biff
says:

He
followed the wrong dream

It
is obvious that Willy is so beside himself with the myth he has created out of Dave
Singleman's life that his dream is not really to be the best Willy Loman he can be, but
to be the closest thing to Dave Singleman. He is following another man's path, and
living another man's dream. That is why, in the end, he fails at
everything.

Solve for a. c=(ab) / (a+b)

`c=(ab)/(a+b)` solve for
a

first multiply both sides by (a+b) to get rid of
fraction

`c(a+b)=ab`

Now
distribute

`ac+bc=ab`

Now we
want to get all the terms with a as a factor on one side and everything else on the
other

`ac-ab=-bc`

now factor
out the a

`a(c-b)=-bc`

Now
divide by
`c-b`

`a=-(bc)/(c-b)`

And we
can get rid of the negative sign by noting
`(c-b)=-(b-c)`

To get our final answer `a =
(bc)/(b-c)`

What are x and y if (6-yi)(x+2i)=12-5i?

To determine x and y, we'll have to perform the
multiplication from the left side:

(6-yi)(x+2i) = 6x + 12i
- xyi - 2y`i^(2)`

But `i^(2)` =
-1

(6-yi)(x+2i) = 6x+2y + i(12 -
xy)

Now, we'll equate the real parts from both
sides:

6x+2y = 12 => 3x + y = 6 => y = 6 -
3x

We'll equate the imaginary parts from both
sides:

12 - xy = -5 => xy = 12+5 => xy =
17

x(6 - 3x) = 17

We'll remove
the brackets:

6x - 3`x^(2)` - 17 =
0

3`x^(2)` - 6x + 17 = 0

We'll
apply quadratic formula:

x1 = (6 + `sqrt(36 - 204)`
)/6

x1 = (6 + 2i`sqrt(42)`
)/6

x1 = (3 + i`sqrt(42)`
)/3

x2 = (3 - i`sqrt(42)`
)/3

y1 = 6 - 3x1 => y1 = 6 - 3 -
i`sqrt(42)`

y1 = 3 -
i`sqrt(42)`

y2 = 6 - 3 +
i`sqrt(42)`

y2 = 3 +
i`sqrt(42)`

Therefore, the values of x and y
are: x1 = (3+i`sqrt(42)` )/3 ; y1 = 3 - i`sqrt(42)` ; x2 = (3 - i`sqrt(42)` )/3 ; y2 = 3
+ i`sqrt(42)` .

How does the title of this article about the London riots connect to the substance of the article?"Look behind the crime to see its causes". ...

According to the link you've provided, the title of this
article is "Look behind the crime and violence to see their causes."  This title relates
to the substance of the article because the author is arguing that what is most
important is the conditions that lead to the rioting.  She is saying that the riots are
caused by certain conditions in the society and that the most important thing is to
understand what those conditions are.

In this article, the
author argues that the riots were caused by government neglect of the poor.  She says
that this is the factor which is most clearly to blame for the actions of the rioters. 
They have been, she implies, driven to commit these crimes by the
government.

The author's main point, then, is that the
causes of the riots are more important than the actual crimes and violence committed
during those riots.  This is clearly reflected in the title of the
article.

What is the narrative hook for Lord of the Flies?

If not the first sentence of the story, the narrative hook
is usually the opening dramatic action which immediately engages the reader's
imagination. 'Narrative hook' is just a way of describing the way the author draws the
reader into the story. 

In Lord of the
Flies, the narrative hook is the image in the very first paragraph of Ralph
climbing through the jungle amid all of the broken tree trunks and twisty creepers.  By
the time Piggy joins the scene the reader is effectively hooked, wondering why these
proper English school boys in their school sweaters are stuck in a
jungle. 

what is the moral of the sonnet 130???

This is a great question, and it just so happens to be one
of Shakespeare's most famous sonnets of all time!

In short, the moral
of the sonnet (as with most of his sonnets) is summed up in the concluding
couplet: 

"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare /
As
any she belied with false compare."

In layman's terms, Shakespeare
believes that his mistress is as rare and beautiful as anything the world has ever seen.
He thinks that she is so beautiful, in fact, that it is foolish to try to compare her
"false"ly to anything else (as so many typical poems so often do).

The
sonnet is a wonderfully self-aware reflection both on beauty on the very craft of love
poetry itself. Simply stated, Shakespeare is acutely aware of the fact that love poems
are often riddled with overused cliches and implausible comparisons, and so he writes
this poem as a reaction to those flowery Petrarchan sonnets that had so long dominated
the industry. Rather than spending an entire poem building his lover up by likening her
to a string of impossible comparisons, Shakespeare instead chooses to tear his mistress
down somewhat, setting up each alternating line to extol the beauty of a natural marvel
only to reiterate just how unimpressive the natural features of his mistress may well
indeed be when gazed on in such a laughable comparison.

What does the mother say is her reason for pushing her daughter to take piano lessons and do you think the mother is right to do this?Explain the...

In "Two Kinds" by Amy Tan, the mother pushes her daughter
to take piano lessons. She does this because she wants her daughter to be a famous
musical prodigy. The mother has aspirations and dreams for her daughter. She wants her
daughter to be somebody important. She desires for her daughter to make something of
herself in life. She believes that in America one can become someone important and
famous.

Also, the mother is in competition with Waverly's
mother. Waverly is a famous chess player. She has won many trophies. Waverly's mother
boasts about how she has so much work to do dusting the the trophies. This makes
Jing-mei's mother jealous. The two mothers are in competition and this puts pressure on
their daughters:

readability="11">

In this story, the narrator, Jing-mei, resists
her overbearing mother's desire to make her into a musical prodigy in order to compete
with one of her friend's daughters. The narrator recalls these events after a period of
more than twenty years and still struggles to understand her mother's
motivations.

While one can
understand Jing-mei's mother desiring her daughter to be someone important, it is
obvious that Jing-mei's mother puts too much pressure on her daughter. She pushes her
daughter to play the piano when in fact Jing-mei has come to detest playing the piano.
She does not apply herself. She rebels against her mother's wishes. There is a constant
battle going on between Jing-mei and her mother. Possibly, Jing-mei's mother should have
just given up on the idea of Jing-mei playing the piano. If a child is not interested in
playing the piano, it is not worth the battle or struggle that it will take to keep up
the piano lessons. Jing-mei's mother should have allowed her daughter to make a decision
about finding a hobby that would help shape her own
identity.

Even after Jing-mei embarrasses her mother at the
piano recital, Jing-mei's mother insists that the piano lessons are continued. Only
after Jing-mei hurts her mother by saying she wishes she had been a child left behind in
China do the piano lessons stop:

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Such a cruel and hurtful statement silences her
mother and ends the piano lessons for
good.

Finally, Jing-mei can
find her own way in life. Often parents put too much pressure on their children.
Jing-mei's mother is no exception. She pushes her daughter too far. She actually makes
her daughter despise playing the piano. She is an overbearing mother who did not
recognize how wonderful her daughter was just being herself. She should have accepted
her daughter as she was. Instead, she forced her daughter to be someone she had imagined
from the celebrity television shows and magazine articles.

Identify a character trait for Mr. Hoodhood, and an example to support this trait in The Wednesday Wars by Gary D. Schmidt.

Mr. Hoodhood in The Wednesday Wars by
Gary Schmidt, is not a very appealing or sympathetic character. He is Holling's father
and is not a very supportive man—much more interested in his own life and concerns than
those of his son, he isn't much of a father to Holling, especially while Holling is in
junior high which is a tough time for any kid.

There are
several examples that support this assessment of Mr. Hoodhood. First, Holling's dad says
he will take his son to an autograph signing by Mickey Mantle at the Baker Sporting
Emporium; this happens to be the same night that Holling plays Ariel in local
Shakespeare Company Holiday Extravaganza's presentation of Shakespeare's The
Tempest.

While preparing for the performance,
instead of encouraging his son...

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...his father tells him to wear [the embarrassing
costume] to please Mr. Goldman, who might one day need an
architect...

In addition,
Holling's dad (and mother) does not attend the performance in support of his son.
Instead, he stay home to watch the Bing Crosby Christmas special on the television—but
at least Holling's friends come to watch. When the play is over, his father is not there
to take him to meet Mickey Mantle as promised. Holling runs to the emporium, only to
have Mantle tell him to get lost because he is wearing tights, and Mantle won't sign
anything for a boy in tights. Had Holling's father been there, the experience would have
been decidedly different.

When Holling and Meryl Lee plan a
date, and Holling doesn't have the money to take Meryl Lee out for "dinner and a show,"
instead of contributing, Mr. Hoodhood laughs, saying that if
he gets the contract for building the new junior high (instead of
Meryl Lee's dad), Meryl Lee's father's business may well go under (or be
destroyed).

Although being a good father
should be his most important concern, Mr. Hoodhood is more
interested in his business and himself than his son.

What does the quote, “Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see the shadow," attributed to Helen Keller, mean?

The beautiful sunflower is well-known for following the
path of the sun. From the east in the morning to the west at night, the sunflower
repeats this process each day with the bloom always facing the direction of the
sun. 

Helen Keller, left blind and mute after an illness at
the age of nineteen months, proves that attitude, and a refusal to accept life in "the
shadows of the prison-house," changes insurmountable challenges into awe-inspiring
achievement. She wrote The Story of My Life so that she could
contribute to society and help others learn from her story which reveals her desperate
attempts to communicate and her many failures and confrontations en route to
overwhelming success. In The Story of My Life, Helen compares her
life, before the discovery, with Annie Sullivan's help, of words like "W-A-T-E-R," to a
prison-house from which there is no release. Helen refuses to dwell on the
energy-sapping, unfulfilling moments of her life, because she knows only too well, how
much easier it would be to allow her disability to overwhelm and define her. She
mentions various challenges but chooses to  use them to help her understand her
otherwise, "silent, aimless, dayless life." She compares herself to a ship "without
compass," before the arrival of Annie Sullivan and recognizes Annie's arrival as "The
most important day I remember in all my life."

There is a
lot of poetic language attributed to Helen Keller which reveals her in-depth
appreciation for life and is especially remarkable as she is able to describe nature,
events and people in ways that even sighted people can never hope to strive for.
Remaining hopeful and always believing in others and in the power of communication
which, "awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free," ensures that she, even
in the twenty first century, inspires people. The sunflower grows to an enormous size
and shadows from other, equally-huge, sunflowers threaten to reduce the available light.
However, the sunflower still "looks" for the sun, refusing to remain in the shadows.
Helen Keller, too, has created a legacy and encourages others to always "look" towards
the light in attempting to make the best of any situation. The quote, whether Helen's
own words or not, aptly describes her philosophy.  

In "The Stolen Party" by Liliana Heker, of what importance is the monkey?

The story is about a young girl named Rosaura who has been
invited to the party of a wealthy classmate.  Her mother does not want her to go because
she will not fit in at a rich person’s party.  Rosaura tells her mother “rich people go
to Heaven too.”  Her mother thinks she will just be seen as the maid’s daughter, because
her mother used to clean the house.

Rosaura is excited
because there will be a magician with a monkey at the party.  Her mother scoffs at the
idea, not believing her.  But she starches Rosaura’s Christmas dress and helps her do
her hair with apple cider to make it shiny.  When she gets to the party she asks about
the monkey and sees it in her cage.  The she is asked to bring a jug of juice into the
party.

Rosaura is accosted by a girl with a bow who demands
to know who she is.  Rosaura says she is Luciana’s friend and the girl tells her she is
Luciana’s cousin and she knows all of her friends.  Her mother has told her to answer
that she is the daughter of the employee if anyone asks who she is.  The girl with the
bow responds with dirisive confusion, and then  The housekeeper Sefiora Ines interrupts
and asks Rosaura to serve hot dogs.

Rosaura enjoys the
party, winning at the games.  Rosaura loves passing out the cake slices because she
gives the girl with the bow the smallest one.  Rosaura even assists the
magician. 

At the end of the party, Rosaura does not get a
present like the other children.  She gets paid.

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Sefiora Ines didn't look in the pink
bag. Nor did she look in the blue bag. Instead she rummaged in her purse. In her hand
appeared two bills.

"You really and truly earned
this," she said handing them over. "Thank you for all your help, my
pet."

Rosaura is
horrified.  She didn’t realize that she wasn’t at the party as a guest.  She was the
hired help.  She finally understands social class.

What are five quotes that are examples of honor in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Scout and her father have many important conversations,
but one very important one happens in chapter three:

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He tells Scout, 'You never really understand a
person until you walk around in their skin,' indicating to Scout to consider things from
the other person's point of
view.

Again, Scout and her
father are having an important conversation as to why Atticus is defending Tom Robinson.
Atticus states that he would not respect himself if he did not do what he thinks is
right by defending Tom:

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'If you shouldn't be defendin' him, then why are
you doin' it?'

'For a number of reasons,' said Atticus. 'The main one
is, if I didn't I couldn't hold up my head in town, I couldn't represent this county in
the legislature, I couldn't even tell you or Jem not to do something again.'
[…] 

'Atticus, are we going to win it?'

'No,
honey.' 

'Then why-' 

'Simply because we were licked
a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try to win,' Atticus said.
(Chapter 9)

Atticus is being
realistic. He thinks they are going to lose, but the truth has to begin somewhere.
Perhaps, people will begin changing knowing that Atticus is defending
Tom.

When Scout is speaking with her father, she
states what other folks are thinking:

readability="16">

'Atticus, you must be
wrong....'

'How's
that?'

'Well, most folks seem to think they're right and
you're wrong....'

'They're certainly entitled to
think that, and they're entitled to full respect for their opinions,' said Atticus, 'but
before I can live with other folks I've got to live with myself. The one thing that
doesn't abide by majority rule is a person's conscience.' (Chapter
11)

This conversation is
quite important in that Scout is really questioning whether or not Atticus is wrong in
defending Tom Robinson. Based on what others think, Atticus is wrong. But even in their
own thoughts, Atticus states that they are entitled to full respect for their
opinions.

Another instance when Atticus is teaching his
children respect occurs in chapter eleven. Even when Mrs. Dubose is rude, Atticus says
she has to be shown respect:

readability="12">

'Son, I have no doubt that you've been annoyed
by your contemporaries about me lawing for niggers, as you say, but to do something like
this to a sick old lady is inexcusable. I strongly advise you to go down and have a talk
with Mrs. Dubose,' said Atticus. 'Come straight home afterward.' (Chapter
11)

Atticus insists that his
children treat everyone with respect, even when others are
rude.

Atticus realizes he is fighting a losing battle, but
he is determined to tell the truth:

readability="8">

'Link, that boy might go to the chair, but he's
not going till the truth's told.' Atticus's voice was even. 'And you know what the truth
is.' (Chapter 15)

Atticus did
his best to defend Tom Robinson. Even though he lost the trial, he won a war in that he
did the right thing, no matter how many people were offended by
it.

What are some positive traits about Dee?

In Alice Walker's "Everyday Use," Dee at first looks to be
a source of pride for her mother who awaits her return with baited breath.  Mrs. Johnson
even envisions her reunion with her daughter as a bit on The Late Show with Johnny
Carson.

So, Dee is very beautiful and intelligent.  She is
the first in her family to leave home and attend college.  In college, she has converted
to the Black Nationalist Muslim movement, spearheaded by Malcolm X and, before him,
Elijah Muhommed and Marcus Garvey.  So, Dee champions black separatism, African pride,
and the tenets of Islam.  As such, she is very outspoken--certainly a leader on
campus.

Dee is very used to getter her way.  In any other
situation, she would have gotten her mother's heirlooms and blessing, but in rural
Georgia, Dee's outspokenness comes across as materialistic and shamefully greedy.  On a
college campus in the 1970s, however, a beautiful black woman who made strong rhetorical
appeals usually would have gotten her way.

How is irony used in "A Worn Path"?

It is bitterly ironic that in this story, after Phoenix
Jackson has overcome so many barriers and events that threaten to prevent her from
reaching the surgery, the most significant barrier she faces is actually in the surgery
itself, coming from the prejudice that she has to confront. If we examine when Phoenix
finally enters the surgery, note how she is patronised and insulted by the attendant who
speaks to her. The first thing the attendant says is "A charity case, I suppose,"
clearly indicating the prejudice against poor blacks. Then note how Phoenix Jackson is
addressed:

readability="9">

"Speak up, Grandma," the woman said. "What's your
name? We must have your history, you know. Have you been here before? What seems to be
the trouble with you?"

When
Phoenix does not respond to such patronising words, the attendant assumes that she is
deaf, shouting at her. Thus one important example of irony in this excellent tale is the
way in which the biggest challenge that Phoenix Jackson faces is not the hunter, the
animals, or nature itself, but actually the challenge of racism and prejudice, as she is
patronised and mistreated most when it appears that she has been successful in her quest
and faces no more barriers.

In the simplest terms, what was Edgar Allan Poe trying to say in his "Sonnet: To Science"?

Edgar Allan Poe’s “Sonnet: To Science” can be paraphrased
as follows.

The speaker begins by hailing “Science,”
calling her the “true daughter of Old Time” (1). This may suggest, at first, that he
considers science an ancient and long-enduring interest or achievement of the human
race. Note that he personifies both Science and her elderly father, Time. The second
line presents a less attractive image of Science. Instead of merely being a “true
daughter,” as she was in line 1, she is now said to alter “all things” with her “peering
eyes” – phrasing that suggests that Science is intrusive, voyeuristic, and even somewhat
threatening, as if she cannot leave well enough alone.

The
depiction of Science becomes even less (indeed, far less) attractive in lines
3-4:

Why
preyest thou thus upon the poet's heart,
Vulture, whose wings are dull
realities?

Now Science is
depicted as a creature determined to kill the poet (representative of imaginative human
beings) or at least feast on his corpse. Science has gone from being a “true daughter”
to being a “Vulture” – a huge, ugly, stupid, gluttonous bird that feeds on the dead.
Paradoxically, by describing Science in such an imaginative (if overblown and
hyperbolic) way, the poet illustrates the very mental traits that he claims Science
threatens. Any poet who could write lines 3-4 is certainly not interested in “dull
realities” (as if mere truth were boring)! The poet Poe has in mind here is a poet like
Poe himself (not a poet like Philip Larkin): a Romantic with a capital “R” – highly
emotional and given to flights of fancy.

Why and how, this
poet asks, should any poet love Science or consider Science wise or a source of wisdom
(5)? Science interferes with the imaginative person’s mental wanderings. The vulture
Science is the enemy of the high-flying imaginative person (7-8).  Science is also
implicitly the enemy of imaginative beauty. After all, Science has undermined belief in
such classical divinities as Diana (goddess of the moon, who supposedly moved about in a
chariot or “car”) and such mythical creatures as the kind of nymphs who were supposed to
inhabit forests and actually live inside trees (9-10). (It isn’t immediately obvious how
a creature who used to inhabit a tree is now supposed to “seek a shelter in some happier
star” [11].)

Thanks to the influence of Science (the
speaker suggests), such beautiful, appealing myths are no longer taken seriously.
Enchanting fantasies have thus been replaced by boring reality.  Science has destroyed
our beliefs in such creatures as naiads (water nymphs) and elves, in the process also
diminishing the beauty of nature by making it seem un-enchanted and un-enchanting.
 Science has also torn the speaker (who imagines himself to be an imaginative person)
from his pleasant dreams, which were dreamt in and fostered by a natural and exotic
beauty (the Tamarind tree is a native of tropical India; a pine tree or a maple tree
would not have been exotic enough for Poe’s purposes). In short, the victimized poet is
like the victimized gods and other mythical creatures already mentioned. The imaginative
poet suffers because Science is so viciously Vulture-like. The poet laments his
victimhood, his loss, his discomfort and distress – all caused by being overshadowed by
boring, “dull realities.”

Explain the animals' reaction to the banning of the song "Beasts of England" in Animal Farm.

It is in Chapter Seven that we find out that this
important song, which in many ways characterises the animals' spirit and desire to live
free lives and was sung at the end of every meeting, has been banned. Of course, the
freedom that it heralds is being slowly replaced by the tyranny of the pigs, as was
amply illustrated by the execution of the three chickens. Squealer insists that this
song is now banned because the "Rebellion is now completed," but this does not stop the
animals from feeling uncomfortable about it themselves. Note how we are told the animals
responded:

readability="11">

Frightened though they were, some of the animals
might possibly have protested, but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleaing
of "Four legs good, two legs bad," which went on for several minutes and put an end to
the discussion.

It is
important to note that even after the public executions, the animals were still ready to
protest about the banning of the song, showing that at least on some level they were
aware of what it symbolised and how they were aware of the tyranny that was taking
control of the farm.

In Chapter Five of The Great Gatsby, what parallel exists between the story of how Gatsby’s house was built and Gatsby’s situation?

Excellent question. This is of course one example of the
importance of every phrase and word that Fitzgerald has carefully selected in this
novel. Note what we are told about the history of the mansion that Gatsby purchases in
Chapter Five:

readability="11">

A brewer had built it early in the "period"
craze a decade before, and there was a story that he'd agreed to pay five years' taxes
on all the neighbouring cottages if the owners would have their roofs thatched with
straw. Perhaps their refusal took the heart out of his plan to Found a Family--he went
into an immediate decline. His children sold his house with the black wreath still on
the door. Americans, while occasionallly willing to be serfs, have always been obstinate
about being peasantry.

It is
clear that some crucial parallels exist between the former and present owner. Both have
emerged from the obscurity of the lower classes to rise up above their roots, and have
built or purchased this mansion to make a very definite comment about their prestige,
wealth and status now. The brewer's crazy scheme to get other houses to put thatch on
their roofs demonstrates both his excessive wealth and his own sense of superiority as
he tried to get others to do what he wanted. This of course finds its parallel in the
childlike belief that Gatsby has that he can re-make the world according to his own
personal desire, with barriers such as Daisy's marriage to Tom and her daughter proving
to be nothing to his dominant will.

What is the role of youth towards self-sustenance in rural India?

There are a couple of responses that could be made here. 
One could argue Status Quo, in that the youth really have no responsibility towards
self- sustenance of rural India.  It can be argued that this problem was not created by
the youth.  It was not the youth that decided to consciously not invest in technologies
to help the rural component of India, a vast majority of the nation.  It was not the
youth's problem that politicians and business people were able to manipulate government
policy to favor liberalized practices that favored commerce and urbanization under the
guise of "globalization." It could be argued that the youth's role is not one to have to
take the burden of self- sustenance of rural India.  It has been an argument that has
been manipulated into other ways.  Those who have chosen a path of economic self-
interest use this argument to preclude any discussion of responsibility towards Indian
enhancement at the cost of self- interested
pursuits.

However, the reality is that majority of India is
rural.  The cities like Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, and Kolkata do not comprise most of
India.  India is a rural nation.  As long as those areas do not experience self-
sustenance, there will be a lag between what India can do and what is presently does. 
Self- sustenance for rural India is going to lie in new technologies and approaches
being taught,  adopted, and absorbed.  This is most likely going to lie in the young
people who are able to experience more education.  As the movement towards universal
education becomes an increasing reality in India, young people being exposed to more
ideas and greater innovation methods and techniques will be the source of where self-
sustenance of rural India lies.  It is here were change can happen and will
happen.

I think that the role of youth in this process
cannot be forced or mandated.  As said earlier, the condition of rural India in regards
to not being able to develop self- sustenance as well as the lag between rural and urban
India is not their fault.  If there is a role for youth in this process, it will lie in
the notion of sacrifice.  Young people will have to recognize a sense of sacrifice
within them that will enable them to place self- interest in its proper context and
offer back to the rural condition that is both a part of them and their land.  I think
that the example of Aravinda Pillalamarri and Ravi Kuchimanchi is representative of
this.  A young couple who went to America to make their money, they return to India in
order to develop electricity for rural schools that lacked it.  Inspirations for the
film Swades, this sense of sacrifice
is where the role of the youth lie in being able to develop the new technologies and
habits of mind and practice that will allow self- sustenance in rural India.  As Indians
progress with lightning speed towards a more globalized reality, at some point, there
will have to be a reckoning that what they do must benefit someone other than themselves
in order to see the rural section of India experience these
benefits.

Did the Indus Valley, Mesopatamian, and Eyptain civilizations prefer trade or isolation? What did they trade and with whom?

All three civilizations preferred trade to isolation;
although isolation did provide some protection from invasion. The cataracts on the Nile
River and surrounding desert provided considerable protection for Egypt, and the Indus
Valley was largely protected by the Hindu Kush. Mesopotamia, not so protected, saw the
rise and fall of a number of empires.

In Egypt, the Nile
itself lent itself to trade; in fact the city of Aswan derives its name from an Ancient
Egyptian word meaning "trade." Lenin cloth from Egypt was traded for Ivory and also
cedar from Lebanon for construction.

There is evidence of
Mesopotamian influence in ancient India, particularly the existence of a deity
represented by a bull, most likely borrowed from the Babylonian god Baal. The Dravidians
traded pottery, ivory and pearls for wood, leather, and even olive oil. They also traded
with Persia for gold and precious gems.

The Phoenicians of
Mesopotamia were the foremost traders of the age; in fact their entire empire was based
on trade. They were accomplished sailors and lent a great deal of their culture to other
areas through trade, including their "phonetic"
Alphabet.

More extensive ancient trade is described in the
link below.

What are Ralph's internal and external conflicts in "Lord of the Flies?"

One of Ralph's external conflicts in Golding's novel
Lord of the Flies is trying to get Jack and his group of hunters to
realize the importance of maintaining order among the group and maintaining the signal
fire. Ralph feels that it's important for the boys to try to somehow keep the semblance
of life on land alive on the island by doing things they would normally do at home. For
example, the boys should maintain their hygiene and try to keep the camp clean. Also,
Ralph feels the priority should be to keep the signal fire going. That is the only way
they are ever going to get rescued. However, Jack and his hunters are of the philosophy
that the most important endeavor to be worrying about is hunting to provide food for the
group. Jack is trying to proliferate this philosophy among the boys, while Ralph is
trying to make the boys see things his way. It's a constant struggle for
Ralph.

CHAPTER 10: What is Ralph frightened of in Lord of the Flies? Why?Thanks!

Following the death of Simon, Piggy and Ralph meet on the
beach the following morning. They discuss the events of the night before, and Ralph
claims that Simon's death "was murder." Piggy disagrees and tries to stop Ralph from
discussing the subject. When Piggy says that they were all scared the night before,
because of the rain and lightning and "that bloody dance," he asserts that there was
nothing they could have done, and that it was "an accident." Ralph
disagrees.

"I
wasn't scared... I was--I don't know what I
was."

However, he admits to
Piggy that he is fearful now.

readability="5">

"I'm frightened. Of
us..."

No longer fearful of
the beast, it is the boys--and even of himself--that Ralph now fears
most.

If 12 horses run a race in how many ways can the first and second place be won and in how many ways can all the horses finish the race?

Twelve horses run the
race.

First let's find the number of ways in which the
first and the second place can be won. Any of the 12 horses can win the 1st place. Of
the remaining 11 horses any of them can win the 2nd
place.

This gives the number of ways in which in the first
and the second place can be won as 12*11 = 132

Now let's
find the number of ways in which all the horses finish the race. The 1st horse can
finish at any of the 12 places. The 2nd can finish at any of the remaining 11 places.
This goes on till there is one place left for the last horse. The total number of ways
in which all the horses finish the race is 12! =
479001600

The number of ways in which the first and
second place can be won is 132 and the number of ways in which all the horses complete
the race is 479001600

How is "Miss Brill" an example of Modernist writing?

"Miss Brill" is an example of modernist writing in a
couple of ways.  One of the ways it represents modernism is that it reflects the
alienation and isolation of the individual from a social setting.  One of the critical
elements of modernism is the idea that individuals can be separated from their social
surroundings.  Miss Brill is not a part of the world that she believes herself to be. 
She is not an active agent of this world, but rather one who is isolated and
marginalized from it.  Miss Brill does not even realize that this is happening to her,
thinking that somehow she is the conductor of this great symphonic recognition of social
awareness.  When Virgina Woolf writes that an integral part of Modernism is the
"shifting of human relations," she has articulated Miss Brill's predicament.  Miss Brill
has experienced a fundamental shift of human emotions and relations when she is mocked
by the young couple at the end of the story.  The "shifting" that has transpired is one
where Miss Brill is on the fringes of this social order, contributing to her
alienation.  Like many Modernist texts, there is no reconciliation at the end of the
story.  There is little in way of unity, as Miss Brill has not been able to appropriate
any sort of truth or transcendent understanding about her predicament.  Instead, she
blames the fur stole for what happened.  In this, there is a modernist tendency present
to reject unity and symmetry in favor of disunity and a sense of loss in human
consciousness.

What major events took place in 1996?

This depends, of course, on what country you live in. 
There were major elections in many countries, including the US, Australia, Portugal, and
others.  There were various disasters and coups and
such.

On a worldwide scale, perhaps the most important
event of this year was the Dunblane massacre in Scotland.  This was a shocking event in
which a man killed 16 children aged 5 or 6 years old.  It gained worldwide attention
because of the age of the children and the number of victims.  There was also a mass
killing in Australia that year which got less attention because its victims were
adults.

Another event that got a lot of attention that year
was the birth of the first cloned sheep.  This was the sheep that was named "Dolly." 
She was cloned and born in the UK.

What is the theme of "The Interlopers"?

In "The Interlopers," the theme is based on a feud between
two families. The feud is based on an argument over a strip of forestland. The hatred
that has developed because of this feud has become quite serious, with both Ulrich von
Gradwitz and Georg Znaeym having murderous thoughts:

readability="6">

Ulrich and Georg are enemies who have brought a
family feud over a piece of forestland to a murderous
point.

Through the years, the
feud has only grown stronger. The theme is based on the hatred or enmity that Ulrich and
Georg have one for the other. These two men have allowed their hatred to culminate to a
point which now involves serious, dangerous actions. The two enemies are in the woods
waiting for the other one to run into the other. With guns in hand, the two men look at
each other with murderous thoughts:

readability="9">

The two men face each other with rifles in hand,
but neither can bring himself to shoot the other. Before either man can act, a bolt of
lighting strikes a tree. It falls over and pins them underneath its
limbs.

While pinned beneath
the tree, having time to think about their actions, the theme changes to one of
understanding. The two enemies decide to put their differences aside. Now that the feud
is over, there is only one thing with which to worry--a pack of wolves is heading in
their direction.

Find all real solutions to the logarithmic equation ln (x) + ln (2) = 0?

First, we'll impose the constraint of existence of
ln(x):

x > 0

Since the
logarithms from the equation have matching bases, we'll apply the product property of
logarithms and we'll transform the sum of logarithms into a
product.

ln (x) + ln (2) = ln
(2x)

But ln (x) + ln (2) = 0 => ln (2x) =
0

We'll take antilogarithm and we'll
have:

2x = `e^0`

2x =
1

x =
`1/2`

Since the value of x is positive, then
we'll accept it as solution of the given equation: x = `1/2`
.

In The Killer Angels, why will the battle be fought at Gettysburg?

Following the Army of Northern Virginia's decisive victory
at Chancellorsville in May 1863, General Robert E. Lee decided the time was right for a
second invasion of the North. Marching into Pennsylvania, Lee's original objective was
to reach the capital of Harrisburg or possibly Philadelphia; he then hoped to turn south
and invade Washington, D.C. from the north. Although Lee's army was at the apex of its
fighting strength, the untimely death of the irreplaceable "Stonewall" Jackson forced
Lee to reorganize his army, adding both Gen. A.P. Hill and Gen. Dick Ewell as new (and
inexperienced) corps commanders. Many of Lee's men were without shoes, so Gen. Henry
Heth (according to his memoirs), one of Hill's division commanders, sent a brigade into
Gettysburg to ransack several shoe factories believed to be located there. While there,
Heth's men noticed several brigades of Union cavalry, under Gen. John Buford, occupying
several ridges outside the town. Although Lee had ordered that no major action take
place without his instructions, Heth's men advanced upon Buford's men, thinking them
only a small force. The engagement became heated, however, and Lee eventually decided to
concentrate his entire army at Gettysburg. Unfortunately for Lee, his cavalry leader,
Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, "the eyes of the army," was absent on a raid, and the commanding
general was unaware that the Union Army of the Potomac was also advancing upon
Gettysburg. 

What advantages does the writer gain by allowing for alternative explanations in what really happened with respect to the three wishes?The Monkey's...

Considered a classic of horror fiction, "The Monkey's Paw"
allows its readers to create much of the horror within their own minds.  For, it is in
the imagination that much terror is generated.  In addition, by allowing for alternative
explanations for the events in the plot that pertain to the threee wishes, the writer
engages the reader in the narrative, which, in turn, generates more interest on the part
of the readers.  Suspense, too, is added as a feature when readers are not certain of
how the wishes will turn out.  For instance, when Mr. White makes his first decision
about what to wish, much suspense is created since he is not specific as to where the
money will emanate.

What does Reverend Hale represent in society?

I think that Reverend Hale represents those individuals
who believe in the sincerity of their own emotions and convictions, but who can be
easily manipulated to do the bidding of others who have ulterior motives at hand. 
Reverend Hale truly believes that what he is doing is right.  He believes in stamping
out witches and Satan, as well as the devil.  There is little doubt in that he
understands these ideals in a genuine and authentic manner.  Yet, he does not grasp that
he is being used by those who wish to advance the trials for their own benefit.  When he
does realize all too late as to what is happening, it does not make much in way of
difference.

It is here where Hale's significance in society
is noted.  The idea of blindly following one's beliefs without questioning how they can
be manipulated is something that haunts Miller.  Given his own experience with the hunt
against Communists, it stands to reason that Miller knew of people who legitimately
believed that Communism was bad.  Yet, these individuals who possessed such open and
honest beliefs were manipulated by those such as McCarthy and Roy Cohn who saw what they
were doing not in terms of "right/ wrong" but in terms of power and the ability to
exercise it over people's lives.  It is here where Miller constructs a character who is
flawed in Hale, even though he is legitimate and sincere of his beliefs.  It is only
through this authenticity that he is victimized and through which he, inadvertently,
victimizes others.

In Antigone, what is the significance of the simile Sophocles employs to describe the army from Argos?

I assume you are refering to the first speech from the
Chorus in this play, which is a kind of victory chant for the success of Thebes against
the invading army of Argos. The army of Argos is described as being like an eagle in
this speech. Note how the Chorus develops this
comparison:

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And he had driven against our
borders,

launched by the warring claims of
Polynices--

like an eagle screaming, winging
havoc

over the land, wings of
armour,

shielded white as
snow,

a huge army
massing,

crested helmets bristling for
assault.

The effect of this
simile is to describe the serious threat and danger that the army of Argos represented.
The comparison of the armed forced to an "eagle screaming, winging havoc / over the
land" serves to emphasise the fear that the army caused in the hearts of Theban
citizens, and the reference to the "huge army massing" again serves to exaggerate the
threat and numbers of the army. This of course makes their defeat at the hands of the
Theban defence all the more glorious. The simile thus serves to describe the very real
threat and danger that faced Thebes, which makes their victory all the more
meaningful.

Why are the Gassey outer planets able to hold larger quantities of gas than terrestrial planets?

Well, the short answer to your question is that they are
far from the sun.

According to the core-accretion model, in
the primordial disk of material that eventually became the planets, gasses and lighter
materials farther from the sun froze and stayed available for planet-building, while
lighter materials nearer the center of the disk boiled off into space. This allowed the
planets that were forming farther out to accumulate large amounts of materials quickly,
thus increasing in gravity. The outer planets (more than 5 Astronomical Units from the
center) then were able, due to this large gravity, to pull in large amounts of gases
from nearby space.

Once these planets were formed, drag and
changes in angular momentum from passing other bodies nearby is believed by many
astronomers to have moved them even farther away from the sun. The distance from the sun
allowed the gases to cool, preventing the more volatile ones, such as Hydrogen and
Helium, from boiling off into space due to heat from the
sun.

Because of the immense gravity, much of the material
of the gas giants is believed to exist in the form of supercritical fluids rather than
actual gases.

What actions did the First Continental Congress take?have support deatil.

The first Continental Congress was called after Parliament
passed the Coercive Acts (called the Intolerable Acts in the colonies) to represent the
interests of all the colonies. This is an important step as the colonies previously were
reluctant to work with one another.

The Congress convened
in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774. All the colonies except Georgia were represented.
Delegates from Canada were invited, hence the name "Continental Congress" but none
attended.

Originally the Congress discussed--and voted down
a "Plan of Union" which would call for a Governor-General appointed by the King and a
Grand Council appointed by the colonies. All acts of the Council were to be subject to
Parliamentary approval. This was voted down 6-5 (voting was conducted by Colonies, much
to the disdain of Patrick Henry who argued that the delegates were Americans first, then
Virginians, New Yorkers, etc.)

The Congress did pass a
Declaration of American Rights which
stated:

• Parliament had the right to regulate
  commerce and matters which were strictly imperial. It explicitly did not have the right
  to regulate internal matters in the colonies.


• The "rights
  of Englishmen" for all Americans was proclaimed. The denial of their rights as
  Englishmen had been a primary complaint from the
  beginning.


• Each colonial assembly had the right to
  determine if British troops were required within its
  borders.

The Convention also adopted a
"Dominion Theory" which held that each colony was a distinct and separate realm, subject
to rule by the King alone, not Parliament. Since England was a Constitutional Monarchy,
they would implicitly be guaranteed the Rights of
Englishmen.

Finally the Congress adopted the
Continental Association of 1774 which recommended that each colony
enforce a boycott of British goods; for an interconnection of the colonies to enforce
the boycott in all colonies and also enforce the non-exportation of American goods to
Britain until such time as the colonies grievances were
addressed.

Needless to say, the actions of the Congress
made no friends for the Americans in Britain.

How does Hardy presents women's strength and perseverance in the face of sufferring in Tess of the d'Urbervilles?

Hardy conveys this idea through the use of his central
character, Tess. While there are instances strewn throughout the text, one of the most
illustrative examples of strength and perseverance in the face of suffering is Tess’
experiences during her honeymoon period with Angel Clare.  In Chapters 35 – 36, the
newlyweds are giddy with emotion and decide to share their innermost secrets with one
another. Angel begins by telling her of a youthful indiscretion. He confesses that his
experimentation with city life led to “eight-and-forty hours' dissipation with a
stranger.” Tess immediately and generously forgives his error. Then, she shares her own
secret.

Tess confesses to Angel that Alec Stokes
(D’Urbervilles) took advantage of her after her family sent her to “claim kin” with him.
She tells him of the misery that followed and of her personal and silent sufferings.
Angel is stunned by her confession and, rather than offer loving forgiveness, he informs
her that she is no longer the woman that he married. In fact, he says that this
discovery of her past life has irrevocably damaged their recent marriage. Tess submits
as Angel, in his even tones, delivers devastating words that signal the end of their
marriage:

readability="17">

"Now, let us understand each other," he said
gently. "There is no anger between us, though there is that which I cannot endure at
present. I will try to bring myself to endure it. I will let you know where I go to as
soon as I know myself. And if I can bring myself to bear it--if it is desirable,
possible--I will come to you. But until I come to you it will be better that you should
not try to come to me."

The severity of the decree seemed
deadly to Tess; she saw his view of her clearly enough; he could regard her in no other
light than that of one who had practised gross deceit upon him. Yet could a woman who
had done even what she had done deserve all this? But she could contest the point with
him no further. She simply repeated after him his own
words.

As Angel abandons her,
Tess continues to love him and to endure the sufferings of her life. Twice now, she has
been wronged by men. Still, she bears it with as much dignity and courage as she can
muster.

Why does Judge Brack never marry in Hedda Gabler?

Judge Brack explains his reasons for not marrying in his
extended Act Second conversation with Hedda. The question of why she married George
comes up, “My accepting George Tesman, you mean?” and the topic leads to Brack
reiterating to Hedda his own views on marriage. In a subtle
dialogue, Brack suggests that while he has a “certain respect for the marriage ties,”
his ambition is to be “free to come and go” at will and according to his own desires.

Two things emerge from this. The first is that it is clear that
within a marriage, neither partner can “come and go” at will and exclusively to his or
her own desires, so Brack would be disinterested in marriage. The second is that
Barack’s preference is a place “as a trusted friend” within the family circle of a
“pleasant” family to whom he may be “useful in every way.” He puts a priority on such a
friendship with the wife of the house first and with the husband
second.

readability="30">

HEDDA.: It was more than my other adorers were
prepared to do for me, my dear Judge.

BRACK.: [Laughing.] Well, I
can't answer for all the rest; but as for myself, you know quite well that I have always
entertained a—a certain respect for the marriage tie—for marriage as an institution,
Mrs. Hedda.

HEDDA.: [Jestingly.] Oh, I assure you I have never
cherished any hopes with respect to you.

BRACK.; All I require is a
pleasant and intimate interior, where I can make myself useful in every way, and am free
to come and go as—as a trusted friend—

HEDDA.: Of the master of the
house, do you mean?

BRACK.: [Bowing.] Frankly—of the mistress first of
all; but of course of the master too, in the second place. Such a triangular
friendship—if I may call it so—is really a great convenience for all the parties, let me
tell you.

What Brack is
saying is that he prefers freedom to marriage but that his ambition is a nice quiet
liaison with the wife of a man who trusts Brack implicitly and allows him complete
freedom in his home--in Brack’s mind, this complete freedom means freedom with the lady
of the house as well.

This isn’t surprising when Brack’s
character traits are examined. He is manipulative,
controlling, and devious. He tries to manipulates George; he manipulates Hedda--who is
the master of the arts of deceit and manipulation herself--he manipulates George’s aunt;
he manipulates George’s debts; and he attempts to manipulate George’s career, probably
with the aim of making George even more in debt to him with the objective of increasing
the power he has George in the guise of “a trusted friend” who is “useful in every way.”
This sort of man would find the constraints of a Victorian era marriage incompatible
with his aims and objectives. 

Is Jane Eyre a gothic novel? If so, in what way?

Jane Eyre is not
traditionally catagorized as a gothic novel, but it does contain several gothic
elements. It is generally considered to be more socially and
psychologically driven than those novels established as specifically "gothic". Th
implication is that gothic novels are less well-developed, and perhaps less well-written
than Jane Eyre. Yet Bronte makes use of certain aspects of gothic
literature in her text.

One such aspect is
melodrama, which Jane Eyre certainly employs. Jane's
situation as a child, at both Gateshead Hall and Lowood Institution, is one of
loneliness and isolation, with dramatic architecture and possibly evil authority figures
thrown in. The entire courtship of Jane and Rochester involves melodrama, with lots of
tears, secrets, passionate encounters, and flights across the unforgiving wilderness.
The setting itself is another gothic consideration. The
wild landscape of Jane's life plays an important role, such as during her aforementioned
flight. The storm which splits the tree before Jane's discovery of Bertha is yet another
example. The houses too fall into this category. Thornfield Hall is quite mysterious,
with its unexpected nighttime visitor (who is herself a gothic figure).
Finally, Rochester can be considered a gothic or Byronic
hero. Again, he has an air of mystery about him, and he seems determined
to get his way, no matter the consequences.

What is x if tan^-1(2x)+tan^-1(3x)=pi/4?

We'll write tan^-1(x) = arctan
x

We'll re-write the
equation:

arctan 2x + arctan 3x = `pi`
/4

We'll take tangent function both
sides:

tan(arctan 2x + arctan 3x) = tan `pi`
/4

We'll use the
formula:

tan(a+b) = (tan a + tan b)/(1 - tan a*tan
b)

tan(arctan 2x + arctan 3x) = (tan (arctan 2x) + tan
(arctan 3x))/(1 - tan (arctan 2x)*tan (arctan 3x))

But
tan(arctanx) = x

tan(arctan 2x + arctan 3x) =
(2x+3x)/(1-6x^2)

We'll re-write the
equation:

(2x+3x)/(1-6x^2) =
1

We'll subtract 1 both
sides:

(2x+3x)/(1-6x^2) - 1 =
0

(2x + 3x - 1 + 6x^2)/(1-6x^2) =
0

Since the denominator must not be zero, then only the
numerator can cancel the fraction.

6x^2 + 5x - 1 =
0

We'll apply quadratic
formula:

x1 = [-5+sqrt(25 +
24)]/12

x1 = (-5 + 7)/12

x1 =
2/12

x1 = 1/6

x2 = (-5 -
7)/12

x2 = -12/12

x2 =
-1

The solutions of the equation are: {-1 ;
1/6}.

What is the meaning of the final four lines—how true is the line that “to be wild” needs no explanation—and so by contrast, what does it...

In Stephen Dunn's poem, "Hawk," the poem seems generally
about the world of the hawk, pitted against the world of humans. The hawk moves by
instinct, but as with the clear glass window, the bird of prey "learns," as do people,
that things are not always what they seem:

readability="5">

...what's clear can be
hard...

Could this not mean
(symbolically) that what seems obvious is not that at
all?

I am taken by the contrast between what the hawk
"loves" (the small birds) that is a "love" the small birds know (and I assume they could
live without: literally). However there are prices to be paid in the land of men and
creatures, and this brings us to the last four lines of the
poem.

The speaker
observes...

readability="7">

...the unwritten
caption:

that to be wild

means
nothing you do or have done

needs to be
explained.

I see several
important elements in these last four lines. The first, most obvious, is that something
that is by nature, truly wild, need not explain itself. The hawk follows the rules of
nature: kill or be killed...the survival of the fittest. This is something people
understand. We may be saddened to see a defenseless creature die as it becomes another
animal's meal, but we understand this
code.

The "civilized" aspect of life,
with regard to the poem, is that we assume that if animals live a life in the wild and
act as animals, the opposite understanding is that civilization
should naturally rise above "wildness," as this is an integral part of what separates us
from the animals. So the author would seem to infer that
"civilized" people (men and women), by virtue of their elevated status on the "food
chain," should be prepared to answer for their actions and explain: thereby
not being wild.

The third element,
however, that I see in the poem, is the
reality—not the ideal. Ideally, an animal
follows the laws of the animal kingdom. Ideally, humans are
supposed to rise above the animal-like behavior seen in nature, as
we are elevated above the savagery of animals: this is our
code. The reality is that often what takes place in the world
of animals makes much more sense than that which happens in the world of "civilized
men," who use their knowledge and "sophistication" to subjugate other human beings and
destroy them, with no explanations forthcoming.

This begs
the question, then, as to who is more
civilized? The animal following the code of nature? Or the human who
should know better and follow the code of civilization—but does
not.

In Great Expectations, how is the light coming from Joe's forge in Chapter 11 part of the light/dark symbolism?

Pip's return to Satis House in Chapter XI of
Great Expectations is again a dark journey through long, damp,
dismal passageways lit only by Estella's candle.  He is led through a courtyard to a
gloomy room at the back of the house where he is made to wait by the window until he is
summoned.  As he glances out the window, Pip looks upon a neglected garden.  He then
notices that there are others in the room with him, but he cannot see anything in the
room but the fire shining in the window glass.  Later he understands that the people
have come because they are relatives of Miss Havisham and this day is her birthday. 
After walking her around and listening to the "toadies," Pip plays cards with a haughty
and silent Estella, who later lights the way for him through a passageway until she
insults him and slaps him. Later, Pip meets a dark, burly man who brusquely speaks to
him.  Finally, Estella turns Pip out into the garden where he encounters the pale young
gentleman, whom he fights and injures.  After this fight, Estella seems pleased and
allows Pip to kiss her.  As he departs Satis House with its dark passageways and toady
guests and a dark, mysterious gentleman, Pip remarks,

readability="12">

What with the birthday visitors, and what with
the cards, and what with the fight, my stay had lasted so long, that when I neared home
the light on the spit of sand off the point on the marshes was gleaming against a black
night sky, and Joe's furnace was flinging a path of fire across the
road.

It is night as Pip
heads towards home, the warm light of Joe's furnace gleams on the marshes, welcoming
Pip, symbolizing the love that Pip experiences inside the forge with the warm-hearted
Joe.  This image is in sharp contrast to the superciliousness of the Pockets who merely
visit Miss Havisham in the hope of receiving some inheritance when she dies.  Joe's
beacon of love and light and warmth is in sharp contrast to the dark night which
suggests Satis House where only the poor light of Estella's candle pierces the
darkness.  Satis House and its rotting garden is a place where no love abounds and Pip
is slapped and insulted and finally get to kiss a cheek much like that of a
statue.

What does purple refer to in Emily Dickinson's poem "God Made a Little Gentian"?

Purple is normally a colour that is associated with
royalty, dignity nobility, as purple is the colour of the robe that royals wear. If we
have a look at how purple is used in this poem, we can see how this symbolism operates.
The poem begins with reference to the "little Gentian" who is laughed at by Summer
because it tried "to be a Rose" and failed. However, as winter comes, this little
gentian "ravishes" the hill and is described as a "Purple Creature" because there are so
many flowers:

readability="11">

There rose a Purple Creature
--

That ravished all the Hill
--

And Summer hid her Forehead
--

And Mockery -- was still
--

The use of the colour
purple in this poem therefore points towards the beauty and majesty of the gentian, in
spite of its diminutive size and the way that Summer was said to mock it. The way that
God has made it to flower in such vast quantities under cold conditions points towards
God's overall plan in creation and also indicates that we should not try to be a "rose"
if we are actually a "gentian." Each flower has its own place in the created order, just
as we do, and everyone has the opportunity to "flower" and to show the world their
dignity and nobility in the same way that the gentian does, under the correct
conditions.

What part of the cell is never found in animal cells?This question is often confusing as there APPEAR to be several answers. Listed are the...

Given the list you have offered here, cell wall is the
best choice, but the wording of the question is critical. Cell walls are never found in
animal cells, but are not exclusive to plants, as fungi have them too, albeit made of a
different material. Additionally, the term "part" is a bit sticky here - plant cells
secrete the cell wall and live within it, but it's not really part of the cell, and it's
not an organelle at all, a misunderstanding I have encountered many
times.

Chloroplasts are not limited to plants, they are
found in a number of groups of protists as well. However it would be good to bear in
mind that not all plants have chloroplasts; there are some species of parasitic and/or
saprophytic plants that do not (Monotropa uniflora, or Indian
pipes, comes immediately to mind as an example). Additionally, chloroplasts are a
subgroup of the plastids; one type of plastid that is indeed limited to plants is
amyloplasts.

Virtually every cell, plant or animal, has one
or more vacuoles, the major distinction between plant and animal cells on this score is
what percent of the cell's net volume is taken up by
them.

Regarding the converse of this question, plant cells
never have lysosomes or centrioles, and animal cells do.

Prove that sin(x)+sin(x)cot^2(x)=csc(x)

We'll factor sin x and we'll
get:

`sin x*(1 + cot^2 x) = csc
x`

From Pythagorean identity, we'll
get:

`1 + cot^2 x = 1/(sin^2
x)`

We'll re-write the
expression:

`sinx*(1/(sin^2 x)) = csc
x`

We'll simplify and we'll
get:

`1/sin x = csc
x`

Since the result represents a basic
identity, then the given expression represents an identity,
too.

Describe the evolution of thought in "True Love," Sonnet 116 by Shakespeare.

The evolution of thought in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116
follows the logical expansion of an idea that defines the nature of love. Instead of
turning to a contrasting idea at the sonnet voltas (volta means
turn, as in a Petrarchan turn to a contrasting idea), Shakespeare
continues expanding on the nature of love but turns to other
metaphors for it; the metaphors are expressed in imagery of unified minds, ships
navigating in troubled seas, and "Time" as a reaper. The ending couplet presents a
paradoxical resolution that says, in paraphrase, "If I'm proven wrong about this that
I've said, then it must also come to be true that I never wrote anything and that no man
ever loved."

The first iambic pentameter quatrain, in the standard
Shakespearean rhyme scheme of abab,
metaphorically compares love to unity of mind, "marriage of true minds." He describes
this unity as one that does not alter in devotion due to changes (usually understood to
mean physical changes, as in old age) in the one loved. "Or bends with the remover to
remove" means that the unity of mind stays steadfast even if the one loved withdraws
their love.

The second quatrain, with a volta at line 5, turns to a
second metaphor that compares love to objects by which sailors navigate in tempestuous,
stormy seas and by which they return back on their true course when tossed off course.
The metaphor means that love can keep one from being discouraged by problems ("looks on
tempests and is never shaken") and can be the measure of one's course in life ("every
wandering bark, / Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.") A "bark" is a
small sailing ship, and "height" refers to altitude as measured by longitude. "Whose
worth's unknown" refers to one who is young in life and has not yet made a great impact
in life, therefore, their "worth" to society cannot yet be known.

The
third quatrain turns at the second volta of line 9 to a metaphor that contrasts love to
"Time" that is personified as a reaper of "hours and weeks" and who has a "bending
sickle." Love withstands the changes and threats produced by time and is eternal, "even
to the edge of doom." The resolution in the couplet of the evolution of thought offers a
reversed conditional that challenges the reader to prove "If this be error" and
concludes with the contradictory challenge that if the ideas expressed in the metaphors
can be proved erroneous, then he never wrote, including the poem being read at the
precise moment, and "no man ever loved."

How was Macbeth destroyed in Shakespeare's Macbeth?

Primarily Macbeth was destroyed by his own "vaulting
ambition". An exceptionally gifted soldier and an widely admired general of the Scottish
king, Duncan, Macbeth had nurtured a secret ambition to become the king. The
"supernatural soliciting" of the witches after his exemplary victory in the battles
spurred the passion-horse of his ambition. Equipped with the hardened logistic and
emotional support of his wife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth killed Duncan to usurp the throne.
but a man both fair and foul, Macbeth was sharply self-divided between his unscrupulous
ambition and his moral conscience. Suffering from a sense of insecurity and fear,
Macbeth gets Banquo killed, but Banquo's son escapes the killers. Macbeth moves from to
fear and betrays his murderous nature at the coronation banquet before all the nobles of
Scotland. He unleashes a reign of terror through bloodshed and murder. Macduff's wife
and sons are also ruthlessly put to death. At last the retribution overtakes Macbeth and
Lady Macbeth. The latter becomes a victim of somnambulism and kills herself. Macbeth
goes down to defeat and death at the hands of Macduff, as Duncan's son, Malcolm, leads
an English army to the Dunsinane hill for the ouster of the usurper king of Scotland.
Macbeth is thus destroyed as an example of self-damnation, his own "foul" engulfing the
"fair" in him.

How is keratin formed in cells?

Keratinocytes are skin cells that form in the basal layers
of the cell, becoming squamous (flattened) as they rise up toward the skin's surface,
and are eventually shed. While we know the life cycle of these cells well, there is
still work to be done on exactly how they form keratin, and what factors determine
whether a specific basal cell will become a keratinocyte or
not.

Keratin is a fibrous protein which is present in the
cytoskeleton of many different types of cells; what distinguishes keratinocytes is not
only the amount of keratin present in their cytoskeletons, but also the arrangement of
the fibers. Currently the leading theory is that the keratin in keratinocytes is
arranged in bundles of parallel fibers; this arrangement helps explain how these cells
can be both strong and flexible at the same time, and also why they flatten as the
amount of keratin increases.  As the keratin is created, cell organelles go into stasis,
and a fully keratinized cell is dead by the time it reaches the outer layers of the
skin.