The first Continental Congress was called after Parliament
passed the Coercive Acts (called the Intolerable Acts in the colonies) to represent the
interests of all the colonies. This is an important step as the colonies previously were
reluctant to work with one another.
The Congress convened
in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774. All the colonies except Georgia were represented.
Delegates from Canada were invited, hence the name "Continental Congress" but none
attended.
Originally the Congress discussed--and voted down
a "Plan of Union" which would call for a Governor-General appointed by the King and a
Grand Council appointed by the colonies. All acts of the Council were to be subject to
Parliamentary approval. This was voted down 6-5 (voting was conducted by Colonies, much
to the disdain of Patrick Henry who argued that the delegates were Americans first, then
Virginians, New Yorkers, etc.)
The Congress did pass a
Declaration of American Rights which
stated:
- Parliament had the right to regulate
commerce and matters which were strictly imperial. It explicitly did not have the right
to regulate internal matters in the colonies. - The "rights
of Englishmen" for all Americans was proclaimed. The denial of their rights as
Englishmen had been a primary complaint from the
beginning. - Each colonial assembly had the right to
determine if British troops were required within its
borders.
The Convention also adopted a
"Dominion Theory" which held that each colony was a distinct and separate realm, subject
to rule by the King alone, not Parliament. Since England was a Constitutional Monarchy,
they would implicitly be guaranteed the Rights of
Englishmen.
Finally the Congress adopted the
Continental Association of 1774 which recommended that each colony
enforce a boycott of British goods; for an interconnection of the colonies to enforce
the boycott in all colonies and also enforce the non-exportation of American goods to
Britain until such time as the colonies grievances were
addressed.
Needless to say, the actions of the Congress
made no friends for the Americans in Britain.
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