How does Shakespeare combine the four worlds of Athens, the human lovers, the fairies and the mechanicals in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

This is a very interesting question to consider, given the
separate realm of each of these characters and worlds. Firstly, I think it is clear that
there is an opposition in this play between the world of Athens and the world of the
forest. Athens, as is shown by Act I scene 1, is ruled by law, that can often be very
harsh in its treatment, as Hermia discovers. Athens is a place that is characterised by
the role of reason and logic in how it is managed. Of course, this is sharply contrasted
by the forest, where magic, dreams and enchantment rule, and which acts as a kind of
arena where human emotions, free from the constraining influences of civilisation, are
free to run riot. This is of course highlighted by the four Athenian lovers, whose
affections are presented as unshakeable in Athens, until they go to the forest, where a
riotous and chaotic change occurs in how they feel about each
other.

Secondly, another parallel structure in the play
seems to be the way that the Mechanicals and the Fairies balance one another. If we take
the kingdom of Theseus in Athens and balance it against the kingdom of Oberon in the
forest, we can see that both have their underclass or servants. The Mechanicals of
course are planning a play for Theseus to please him, just as the fairies, principally
in the form of Puck, try to please Oberon by carrying out his wishes. All of these four
separate spheres collide when the lovers from Athens and the Mechanicals from Athens go
to the forest and meet with the fairy world, and are changed dramatically as a
result.