In Wallace Stevens’ poem “Sunday Morning,” Palestine is
called “Dominion of the blood and sepulcher” (15) for a number of possible
reasons.
- The woman mentioned in the first stanza
of the poem seems to be staying home on a Sunday morning, dressed in a nightgown and
drinking coffee and eating oranges, rather than doing what is traditionally and
conventionally done on Sunday mornings: going to church. Physical relaxation and
pleasure seem to appeal to her more at the moment than traditional religious observances
do. Thus the reference to Palestine as a place associated with blood and with a tomb
starkly contrasts her pleasurable self-indulgence with the gruesome violence and
sacrificial death associated with the story of the crucifixion of
Jesus. - As she meditates about religion, the woman wonders
why she should sacrifice her own current pleasure and happiness by giving “her bounty to
the dead” (16). She seems to long for spiritual insights that can be associated with the
pleasures and loveliness of nature, such
as
. . . pungent fruit and bright, green wings, or
else
. . . any balm or beauty of the earth . . . .
(20-21)
Does spirituality
need to be associated (she wonders?) with death and violent sacrifice (as it often has
been, and as it certainly has been in Christianity)? Can’t spiritual insights (she
wonders) be prompted by “Passions of rain or moods in falling snow” (24)? At this
point, the woman might be accused of a kind of naïve Romanticism that emphasizes only
the joys and beauties of nature. However, part of the power of Stevens’ poem lies in
the fact that the alternative he imagines to Christianity does not deny death or sorrow
or suffering. Instead, the poem mentions, as sources of spiritual inspiration, such
phenomena as “Grievings in loneliness, . . . All pleasures and all
pains,” both “The bough of summer and the winter branch”
(25, 28-29; emphasis added).
- By the time the
poem reaches its rich conclusion, then, the woman is able to imagine hearing
A voice that cries, “The tomb in
Palestine
Is not the porch of spirits
lingering.
It is the grave of Jesus, where he lay.”
(107-09)
In other words,
Jesus was a human (not a god); Jesus died, as all humans die; and the value of Jesus’s
life lies not in the supposed fact that he was god but in the simple fact that he was a
human being, like other human beings, whose life was valuable in and of itself, not for
any reason “higher” than that. He was part of
readability="8">
. . . the heavenly
fellowship
Of men that perish, and of summer morn.
102-03)
This, at least, is
what Stevens’ poem suggests about spirituality and religion in general, and about
Christian spirituality and religion in particular.
No comments:
Post a Comment